Steegman Ralph M, Klein Meulekamp Annemarlien F, Renkema Anne-Marie, Janssen Krista I, Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie, Ren Yijin
Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Zijlweg Orthodontie, Orthodontic Private Practice, Zijlweg 148B2, 2015 BJ Haarlem, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2024 May 14;13(10):2890. doi: 10.3390/jcm13102890.
Bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) aims to correct midfacial deficiencies, with proven positive skeletal changes without potential unwanted side effects. However, the influence of BAMP treatment on facial soft tissues, particularly in subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CUCLAP), remains unclear. This single-center longitudinal cohort study examined the effects of 1.5 years of BAMP treatment on facial soft tissues in growing subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. The sample consisted of 25 patients, age range 9.7 to 12.6 years. Three-dimensional surface models derived from CBCT scans were superimposed on stable structures of the anterior cranial base and on the occipital area posterior of the foramen magnum to assess three-dimensional changes due to growth and BAMP therapy. The results revealed a moderate positive correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient from 0.203 to 0.560) between changes in hard tissue and soft tissue; some correlations were found to be weak (<0.300). Linear changes in soft tissue following BAMP were in the same direction as skeletal changes, showing downward, forward, and outward displacement. The only exception was in the vertical dimension. The lower facial third showed a slight but significant reduction, mainly in lip length (-1.2 mm), whereas the middle facial third showed a small increase (1.1 mm). It was concluded that during BAMP, soft tissue changes occur in the same direction as skeletal changes, although with a larger variability and less pronounced effects.
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