Feng Yi, Fan Ding
Materials Science and Engineering College, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Material Engineering College, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Materials (Basel). 2024 May 7;17(10):2184. doi: 10.3390/ma17102184.
Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), recognized for its capability to fabricate large-scale, complex parts, stands out due to its significant deposition rates and cost-effectiveness, positioning it as a forward-looking manufacturing method. In this research, we employed two welding currents to produce samples of 316 austenitic stainless steel utilizing the Cold Metal Transfer wire arc additive manufacturing process (CMT-WAAM). This study initially evaluated the maximum allowable arc travel speed (MAWFS) and the formation characteristics of the deposition bead, considering deposition currents that vary between 100 A and175 A in both CMT and CMT pulse(CMT+P) modes. Thereafter, the effect of the CMT+P mode arc on the microstructure evolution was analyzed using the EBSD technique. The findings indicate that the arc travel speed and deposition current significantly affect the deposition bead's dimensions. Specifically, an increase in travel speed or a reduction in current results in reduced bead width and height. Moreover, the employment of the CMT+P arc mode led to a reduction in the average grain size in the mid-section of the sample fabricated by CMT arc and wire additive manufacturing, from 13.426 μm to 9.429 μm. Therefore, the components of 316 stainless steel produced through the CMT+P-WAAM method are considered fit for industrial applications.
电弧增材制造（WAAM）以其制造大型复杂零件的能力而闻名，因其显著的沉积速率和成本效益而脱颖而出，使其成为一种具有前瞻性的制造方法。在本研究中，我们采用两种焊接电流，利用冷金属过渡电弧增材制造工艺（CMT-WAAM）制备316奥氏体不锈钢样品。本研究首先评估了最大允许电弧行进速度（MAWFS）和熔敷焊道的成形特性，考虑了CMT和CMT脉冲（CMT+P）模式下在100 A至175 A之间变化的沉积电流。此后，使用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术分析了CMT+P模式电弧对微观结构演变的影响。研究结果表明，电弧行进速度和沉积电流显著影响熔敷焊道的尺寸。具体而言，行进速度的增加或电流的降低会导致焊道宽度和高度减小。此外，采用CMT+P电弧模式导致通过CMT电弧和焊丝增材制造制备的样品中部的平均晶粒尺寸从13.426μm减小到9.429μm。因此，通过CMT+P-WAAM方法生产的316不锈钢部件被认为适用于工业应用。
