Arachchige Kithmini Godewatte, Branch Philip, But Jason
Department of Telecommunications, Electrical, Robotics and Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 12;24(10):3083. doi: 10.3390/s24103083.
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are emerging technologies that have attracted attention in many industries, including healthcare, automotive, and supply chain. IoT networks and devices are typically low-powered and susceptible to cyber intrusions. However, blockchains hold considerable potential for securing low-power IoT networks. Blockchain networks provide security features such as encryption, decentralisation, time stamps, and ledger functions. The integration of blockchain and IoT technologies may address many of the security concerns. However, integrating blockchain with IoT raises several issues, including the security vulnerabilities and anomalies of blockchain-based IoT networks. In this paper, we report on our experiments using our blockchain test bed to demonstrate that blockchains on IoT platforms are vulnerable to DDoS attacks, which can also potentially lead to device hardware failures. We show that a number of anomalies are visible during either a DDoS attack or IoT device failure. In particular, the temperature of IoT hardware devices can exceed 90 °C during a DDoS attack, which could lead to hardware failure and potential fire hazards. We also found that the Block Transaction Rate (BTR) and network block loss percentage can increase due to corrupted hardware, with the BTR dropping to nearly zero blocks/sec and a block loss percentage of over 50 percent for all evaluated blockchains, and as high as 81.3 percent in one case. Our experiments demonstrate that anomalous temperature, latency, bandwidth, BTR, and network block loss percentage can potentially be used to identify DDoS attacks.
物联网（IoT）和区块链是新兴技术，已在包括医疗保健、汽车和供应链在内的许多行业引起关注。物联网网络和设备通常功耗低且易受网络入侵。然而，区块链在保护低功耗物联网网络方面具有巨大潜力。区块链网络提供加密、去中心化、时间戳和账本功能等安全特性。区块链技术与物联网的集成可能解决许多安全问题。然而，将区块链与物联网集成会引发若干问题，包括基于区块链的物联网网络的安全漏洞和异常情况。在本文中，我们报告了使用我们的区块链测试平台进行的实验，以证明物联网平台上的区块链容易受到分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击，这也可能导致设备硬件故障。我们表明，在DDoS攻击或物联网设备故障期间会出现一些异常情况。特别是，在DDoS攻击期间，物联网硬件设备的温度可能超过90摄氏度，这可能导致硬件故障和潜在的火灾隐患。我们还发现，由于硬件损坏，区块交易率（BTR）和网络区块丢失百分比可能会增加，所有评估的区块链的BTR降至近零区块/秒，区块丢失百分比超过50%，在一种情况下高达81.3%。我们的实验表明，异常的温度、延迟、带宽、BTR和网络区块丢失百分比可能潜在地用于识别DDoS攻击。
