ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Nutrients. 2024 May 7;16(10):1400. doi: 10.3390/nu16101400.
Certain micronutrients exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, no intervention has yet investigated the effect of individualized supplementation on the severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). Therefore, we investigated whether a personalized supplementation moderates the incidence and severity of URI. Selenium, zinc, and vitamin D were measured in dried blood spots from 59 healthy participants. Accordingly, a personalized supplement was provided with or without the respective micronutrients. We used WURSS-21 questionnaires to assess the disease status. The blood values converged during the intervention and micronutrients no longer differed between treated and untreated volunteers at the end of the intervention period. The incidence and severity of the illness did not significantly differ between the groups. However, when analyzing the WURSS-21 scores by the intention to treat, the initially randomized treatment arm revealed a significantly higher score than the placebo arm. Upon acute administration, individualized combinations of selenium, zinc and vitamin D do not reduce the number, or contribute to a milder course of URIs. Therefore, supplementation in acute infectious situations seems questionable. Further studies must address the habitual diet in more detail, to better understand the impact of individual micronutrient status on the prevention of URI.
某些微量营养素具有免疫调节作用。然而,目前还没有研究表明个体化补充这些微量营养素对呼吸道感染(URIs)严重程度的影响。因此,我们研究了个性化补充是否能调节 URIs 的发病率和严重程度。我们从 59 名健康参与者的干血斑中测量了硒、锌和维生素 D。根据测量结果,为参与者提供了含有或不含有相应微量营养素的个性化补充剂。我们使用 WURSS-21 问卷来评估疾病状况。在干预期间,血液值趋于一致,并且在干预结束时,接受治疗和未接受治疗的志愿者之间的微量营养素不再有差异。两组之间的疾病发病率和严重程度没有显著差异。然而,当按意向治疗分析 WURSS-21 评分时,最初随机分组的治疗组的评分明显高于安慰剂组。急性给药时,硒、锌和维生素 D 的个体化组合并不能减少 URIs 的发生次数,也不能使 URIs 的病程更轻微。因此,在急性感染情况下进行补充似乎值得怀疑。进一步的研究必须更详细地研究习惯性饮食,以更好地了解个体微量营养素状态对预防 URIs 的影响。