Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 May 12;16(10):1455. doi: 10.3390/nu16101455.
Human milk (HM) contains the essential macronutrients and bioactive compounds necessary for the normal growth and development of newborns. The milk collected by human milk banks is stored frozen and pasteurized, reducing its nutritional and biological value. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hyperbaric storage at subzero temperatures (HS-ST) on the macronutrients and bioactive proteins in HM. As control samples, HM was stored at the same temperatures under 0.1 MPa. A Miris HM analyzer was used to determine the macronutrients and the energy value. The lactoferrin (LF), lysozyme (LYZ) and lactalbumin (LAC) content was checked using high-performance liquid chromatography, and an ELISA test was used to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). The results showed that the macronutrient content did not change significantly after 90 days of storage at 60 MPa/-5 °C, 78 MPa/-7 °C, 111 MPa/-10 °C or 130 MPa/-12 °C. Retention higher than 90% of LYZ, LAC, LF and sIgA was observed in the HM stored at conditions of up to 111 MPa/-10 °C. However, at 130 MPa/-12 °C, there was a reduction in LYZ and LF, by 39 and 89%, respectively. The storage of HM at subzero temperatures at 0.1 MPa did not affect the content of carbohydrates or crude and true protein. For fat and the energy value, significant decreases were observed at -5 °C after 90 days of storage.
人乳（HM）含有必需的宏量营养素和生物活性化合物，是新生儿正常生长发育所必需的。人乳库收集的牛奶经过冷冻和巴氏消毒，其营养价值和生物活性降低。本研究旨在确定亚零温度下的高压储存（HS-ST）对人乳中宏量营养素和生物活性蛋白的影响。作为对照样品，HM 在 0.1 MPa 下的相同温度下储存。使用 Miris HM 分析仪测定宏量营养素和能量值。使用高效液相色谱法检查乳铁蛋白（LF）、溶菌酶（LYZ）和乳白蛋白（LAC）的含量，并使用 ELISA 试验定量分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）。结果表明，在 60 MPa/-5°C、78 MPa/-7°C、111 MPa/-10°C 或 130 MPa/-12°C 下储存 90 天后，宏量营养素含量没有明显变化。在高达 111 MPa/-10°C 的条件下储存的 HM 中，LYZ、LAC、LF 和 sIgA 的保留率高于 90%。然而，在 130 MPa/-12°C 下，LYZ 和 LF 分别减少了 39%和 89%。在 0.1 MPa 下的亚零温度下储存 HM 不会影响碳水化合物或粗蛋白和真蛋白的含量。对于脂肪和能量值，在储存 90 天后，-5°C 下观察到显著下降。
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