非营利性和商业母乳库母乳中宏量营养素、免疫蛋白和人乳寡糖的组成和变化。
Composition and Variation of Macronutrients, Immune Proteins, and Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Human Milk From Nonprofit and Commercial Milk Banks.
机构信息
1 Nutrition Services, Mercy San Juan Medical Center, Carmichael, CA, USA.
2 Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
出版信息
J Hum Lact. 2018 Feb;34(1):120-129. doi: 10.1177/0890334417710635. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
BACKGROUND
When human milk is unavailable, banked milk is recommended for feeding premature infants. Milk banks use processes to eliminate pathogens; however, variability among methods exists. Research aim: The aim of this study was to compare the macronutrient (protein, carbohydrate, fat, energy), immune-protective protein, and human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) content of human milk from three independent milk banks that use pasteurization (Holder vs. vat techniques) or retort sterilization.
METHODS
Randomly acquired human milk samples from three different milk banks ( n = 3 from each bank) were analyzed for macronutrient concentrations using a Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy human milk analyzer. The concentrations of IgA, IgM, IgG, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-lactalbumin, α antitrypsin, casein, and HMO were analyzed by mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
The concentrations of protein and fat were significantly ( p < .05) less in the retort sterilized compared with the Holder and vat pasteurized samples, respectively. The concentrations of all immune-modulating proteins were significantly ( p < .05) less in the retort sterilized samples compared with vat and/or Holder pasteurized samples. The total HMO concentration and HMOs containing fucose, sialic acid, and nonfucosylated neutral sugars were significantly ( p < .05) less in retort sterilized compared with Holder pasteurized samples.
CONCLUSION
Random milk samples that had undergone retort sterilization had significantly less immune-protective proteins and total and specific HMOs compared with samples that had undergone Holder and vat pasteurization. These data suggest that further analysis of the effect of retort sterilization on human milk components is needed prior to widespread adoption of this process.
背景
当人乳不可用时，推荐使用库存奶喂养早产儿。奶库使用各种方法来消除病原体；然而，方法之间存在差异。研究目的：本研究的目的是比较三种独立使用巴氏消毒法（Holder 与 vat 技术）或高压灭菌法的奶库中母乳的宏量营养素（蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、能量）、免疫保护蛋白和人乳寡糖（HMO）含量。
方法
使用傅里叶变换中红外光谱母乳分析仪分析来自三个不同奶库的随机获得的母乳样本（每个奶库 3 个样本）的宏量营养素浓度。通过质谱法分析 IgA、IgM、IgG、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、α-乳白蛋白、α 抗胰蛋白酶、酪蛋白和 HMO 的浓度。
结果
与 Holder 和 vat 巴氏消毒相比，高压灭菌样本中蛋白质和脂肪的浓度显著（p<0.05）降低。与 vat 和/或 Holder 巴氏消毒相比，所有免疫调节蛋白的浓度在高压灭菌样本中显著（p<0.05）降低。与 Holder 巴氏消毒样本相比，总 HMO 浓度和含有岩藻糖、唾液酸和非岩藻糖中性糖的 HMO 显著（p<0.05）降低。
结论
与 Holder 和 vat 巴氏消毒相比，经过高压灭菌的随机母乳样本中免疫保护蛋白和总 HMO 及其特定 HMO 的浓度显著降低。这些数据表明，在广泛采用该工艺之前，需要进一步分析高压灭菌对人乳成分的影响。
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