Le Phung M L, Vo Thanh D, Le Kha M, Tran Thanh-Nhan, Xu Yaobin, Phan An L, Le Linh T M, Nguyen Hoang V, Xiao Biwei, Li Xiaolin, Jin Yan, Engelhard Mark H, Gao Peiyuan, Wang Chongmin, Zhang Ji-Guang
Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, 749000, Vietnam.
Small. 2024 Oct;20(40):e2402256. doi: 10.1002/smll.202402256. Epub 2024 May 25.
Sodium (Na)-metal batteries (SMBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage market owing to their high theoretical capacity (1,166 mAh g) and the abundance of Na raw material. However, the limited stability of electrolytes still hindered the application of SMBs. Herein, sulfolane (Sul) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are identified as effective dual additives that can largely stabilize propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes, prevent dendrite growth, and extend the cycle life of SMBs. The cycling stability of the Na/NaNiMnCoO (NaNMC) cell with this dual-additive electrolyte is remarkably enhanced, with a capacity retention of 94% and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9% over 600 cycles at a 5 C (750 mA g) rate. The superior cycling performance of the cells can be attributed to the homogenous, dense, and thin hybrid solid electrolyte interphase consisting of F- and S-containing species on the surface of both the Na metal anode and the NaNMC cathode by adding dual additives. Such unique interphases can effectively facilitate Na-ion transport kinetics and avoid electrolyte depletion during repeated cycling at a very high rate of 5 C. This electrolyte design is believed to result in further improvements in the performance of SMBs.
钠金属电池（SMBs）因其高理论容量（1166 mAh g）和丰富的钠原材料，被认为是大规模储能市场最有前景的候选者之一。然而，电解质有限的稳定性仍然阻碍了钠金属电池的应用。在此，环丁砜（Sul）和碳酸亚乙烯酯（VC）被确定为有效的双添加剂，它们可以极大地稳定碳酸丙烯酯（PC）基电解质，防止枝晶生长，并延长钠金属电池的循环寿命。使用这种双添加剂电解质的Na/NaNiMnCoO（NaNMC）电池的循环稳定性显著提高，在5 C（750 mA g）倍率下600次循环后容量保持率为94%，库仑效率（CE）为99.9%。电池优异的循环性能可归因于通过添加双添加剂，在钠金属阳极和NaNMC阴极表面形成了由含F和S的物种组成的均匀、致密且薄的混合固体电解质界面相。这种独特的界面相可以有效地促进钠离子传输动力学，并避免在5 C的非常高倍率下反复循环期间电解质耗尽。这种电解质设计有望进一步提高钠金属电池的性能。
