Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
J Exp Bot. 2024 Oct 16;75(19):6056-6062. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae223.
The phenology of temperate perennials, including the timing of vegetative growth and flowering, is well known to be controlled by seasonal dormancy cycles. Dormant structures are known as buds and have specialized covering structures, symplastic isolation from the plant, and often autonomous stores of carbon and nitrogen reserves. In contrast, in annual plants, our current understanding of the control of the timing of flowering focuses on the mechanisms affecting floral initiation, the transition from a vegetative apical meristem to a inflorescence meristem producing flower primordia in place of leaves. Recently we revealed that annual crops in Brassicaceae exhibit chilling-responsive growth control in a manner closely resembling bud dormancy breakage in perennial species. Here I discuss evidence that vernalization in autumn is widespread and further discuss its role in inducing flower bud set prior to winter. I also review evidence that flower bud dormancy has a more widespread role in annual plant flowering time control than previously appreciated.
温带多年生植物的物候学，包括营养生长和开花的时间，众所周知是由季节性休眠周期控制的。休眠结构被称为芽，具有专门的覆盖结构、与植物的共生隔离，并且通常具有自主储存的碳和氮储备。相比之下，在一年生植物中，我们目前对开花时间控制的理解主要集中在影响花原基形成的机制上，即从营养顶端分生组织向花序分生组织的过渡，花序分生组织产生花原基而不是叶子。最近，我们发现十字花科的一年生作物表现出类似于多年生物种芽休眠中断的受冷响应生长控制。在这里，我讨论了秋季春化现象广泛存在的证据，并进一步讨论了它在冬季前诱导花蕾形成的作用。我还回顾了证据，证明芽休眠在一年生植物开花时间控制中比以前认为的更为广泛。
