MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2024 Jul;204:116506. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116506. Epub 2024 May 25.
Human-induced pressures have led to substantial changes in marine ecosystems worldwide, with the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) emerging as a significant threat to ecological, economic, and social aspects. The Macaronesian islands, comprising the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde archipelagos, are regions where the regional economy is dependent on marine resources (e.g., marine traffic, ecotourism and fisheries). Despite their importance, concerted efforts to manage marine biological invasions in Macaronesia have been scarce. In this context, the current study aims to contribute to the much-needed debate on biosecurity measures in this unique insular ecosystem to prevent and mitigate the impact of NIS. By adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, this work validated and analyzed 260 documents providing insights into the management of NIS in Macaronesia until 2022. These documents revealed the presence of 29 Invasive Alien Species (IAS), most of which are misconceptions regarding this terminology. Most studies focused on the stages of early detection, rapid response, and eradication across the archipelagos. Cabo Verde had comparatively fewer studies. The most common techniques include monitoring/sampling, literature reviews, and taxonomic reviews. NIS introduction pathways were mainly attributed to transport (stowaway) and unaided migration, with ship fouling, ballast water, rafting, ocean currents, and tropicalization being also identified as significant contributors. This systematic review highlights the current efforts to establish robust biosecurity protocols in Macaronesia and emphasizes the urgent need to safeguard the region's ecological, economic, and social well-being.
人为压力导致了全球海洋生态系统的重大变化，引入非本地物种（NIS）成为对生态、经济和社会方面的重大威胁。马卡罗内西亚群岛包括亚速尔群岛、马德拉群岛、加那利群岛和佛得角群岛，这些地区的区域经济依赖于海洋资源（例如海洋交通、生态旅游和渔业）。尽管这些地区非常重要，但在马卡罗内西亚协调管理海洋生物入侵的努力却很少。在这种情况下，目前的研究旨在为这个独特的岛屿生态系统中急需的生物安全措施辩论做出贡献，以预防和减轻非本地物种的影响。本研究通过遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）标准，验证和分析了 260 份文件，这些文件提供了截至 2022 年马卡罗内西亚非本地物种管理的见解。这些文件揭示了 29 种入侵外来物种（IAS）的存在，其中大多数是对这一术语的误解。大多数研究集中在群岛的早期发现、快速反应和根除阶段。佛得角的研究相对较少。最常见的技术包括监测/采样、文献综述和分类学综述。NIS 引入途径主要归因于运输（偷渡）和自然迁移，船底污垢、压载水、漂流、洋流和热带化也被认为是重要的贡献因素。这项系统评价强调了目前在马卡罗内西亚建立强大生物安全协议的努力，并强调了迫切需要保护该地区的生态、经济和社会福祉。
