Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Epilepsia Open. 2024 Aug;9(4):1148-1165. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12939. Epub 2024 May 26.
To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy (CWE).
We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ADHD was calculated using a random-effects model; subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. We collected raw data from articles reporting potential risk factors, which were included in the subsequent risk factor analysis.
Forty-six articles met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, which showed a pooled ADHD prevalence of 30.7% in CWE, with a predominance of the inattentive subtype of ADHD; the heterogeneity of prevalence was related to population source/study setting (clinic based, community based, or database based) and method of ADHD diagnosis (with or without clinical review). Risk factors for ADHD in epilepsy included younger age, intellectual/developmental disabilities, a family history of epilepsy, earlier epilepsy onset, absence epilepsy, more frequent seizures, and polytherapy; In contrast, risk factors such as sex, generalized epilepsy or seizures, epilepsy etiology, and electroencephalogram abnormalities were not significantly associated with the occurrence of ADHD.
The prevalence of ADHD in CWE is high and several potential risk factors are associated with it. This study contributes to a better understanding of ADHD in epilepsy for screening and treatment.
This systematic review summarizes the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurring in children with epilepsy and analyses the risk factors for comorbid ADHD in epilepsy. By reviewing 46 articles, we concluded that the overall prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy was 30.7% and that intellectual/developmental disabilities were the most significant risk factor for combined ADHD in children with epilepsy. This study provides a wealth of information on comorbid ADHD in epilepsy, which will help clinicians identify and treat potential ADHD in children with epilepsy in a timely manner.
评估癫痫患儿（CWE）中注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率和危险因素。
我们在 PubMed 和 Embase 中进行了系统搜索以进行荟萃分析。使用随机效应模型计算 ADHD 的合并患病率；进行亚组分析以探索异质性。我们从报告潜在危险因素的文章中收集原始数据，这些数据被纳入随后的危险因素分析中。
有 46 篇文章符合荟萃分析的纳入标准，结果显示 CWE 中 ADHD 的合并患病率为 30.7%，以 ADHD 的注意力不集中亚型为主；患病率的异质性与人群来源/研究设置（基于诊所、社区或基于数据库）和 ADHD 诊断方法（是否进行临床评估）有关。癫痫相关 ADHD 的危险因素包括年龄较小、智力/发育障碍、癫痫家族史、癫痫发病较早、失神发作、发作更频繁和多药治疗；相反，性别、全身性癫痫或发作、癫痫病因和脑电图异常等危险因素与 ADHD 的发生无显著相关性。
CWE 中 ADHD 的患病率较高，并且有几个潜在的危险因素与之相关。这项研究有助于更好地了解癫痫中的 ADHD，以便进行筛查和治疗。
