Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Student's Clinic, The University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 12;11(1):16368. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95751-8.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder in which a person is unable to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli, accompanied by an extremely high level of motor activity. The prevalence is much higher ranging from 8 to 77% among children with seizure disorders than in the general population. When attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presents in children with seizure disorder, it makes the treatment complicated and the prognosis poor. Hence, understanding the magnitude of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors would be important to have a policy intention towards these people and to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors in children with seizure disorders. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 260 children who have follow ups in the pediatric seizure clinic. The systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions on associated factors and standard disruptive behavioral disorder rating scale was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by using the Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The multivariate binary logistic regression was used to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables with significant associations were identified based on adjusted odds ratio, with a 95% CI and p-value of < 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among epileptic children was found to be 115 (44.2%),with a confidence interval of (38.1-50.5),out of which only 3 (2.6%) were detected as having mental health problems by the clinician. The predominant subtype was inattentive type 96 (61.1%). Factors significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were male sex (AOR = 2.70 CI 1.46-4.97), family history of seizure disorder (AOR = 2.42 CI 1.26-4.65), family history of mental illnesses (AOR = 4.14 CI 1.76-9.68), sudden onset of the seizure (AOR = 2.37 CI 1.32-4.27), and uncontrolled seizure (AOR = 2.55 CI 1.41-4.61). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common among children with seizure disorders in the study area. Male sex, sudden onsets of seizure, family history of seizure, and that of other psychiatric disorders as well as uncontrolled seizures were factors that increased the odds of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, interventions that would address such factors would help to overcome further complications.
注意缺陷多动障碍是一种由于神经刺激处理困难而导致行为无法控制的疾病，伴有极高的运动活动水平。在患有癫痫发作障碍的儿童中，患病率从 8%到 77%不等，明显高于普通人群。当注意缺陷多动障碍出现在患有癫痫发作障碍的儿童中时，会使治疗变得复杂，预后不佳。因此，了解注意缺陷多动障碍的严重程度及其相关因素对于针对这些人群制定政策意图和设计适当的干预措施非常重要。因此，进行了当前的研究，以确定癫痫发作障碍儿童的注意缺陷多动障碍的合并症及其相关因素。通过在儿科癫痫诊所接受随访的 260 名儿童进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术招募参与者。使用结构化、预测试和访谈者管理的问卷收集数据，其中包括相关因素和标准破坏性行为障碍评定量表的问题。使用 Epi-Data 版本 3.1 对数据进行编码、输入和清理，并将其导出到 SPSS 版本 20 进行进一步分析。使用多元二项逻辑回归检查自变量和因变量之间的关联。基于调整后的优势比、95%置信区间和 p 值 < 0.05 识别具有显著关联的变量，将其视为具有统计学意义。发现癫痫患儿中注意缺陷多动障碍的患病率为 115 例（44.2%），置信区间为（38.1-50.5），其中只有 3 例（2.6%）被临床医生检测出存在心理健康问题。主要亚型为注意力不集中型 96 例（61.1%）。与注意缺陷多动障碍显著相关的因素是男性（优势比（AOR）=2.70，95%置信区间（CI）1.46-4.97）、癫痫发作障碍家族史（AOR=2.42，95%CI 1.26-4.65）、精神疾病家族史（AOR=4.14，95%CI 1.76-9.68）、癫痫发作突然发作（AOR=2.37，95%CI 1.32-4.27）和未控制的癫痫发作（AOR=2.55，95%CI 1.41-4.61）。在研究区域，注意缺陷多动障碍在癫痫发作障碍儿童中较为常见。男性、癫痫发作突然发作、癫痫和其他精神疾病家族史以及未控制的癫痫发作是增加注意缺陷多动障碍几率的因素。因此，针对这些因素的干预措施将有助于克服进一步的并发症。
