Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Research Laboratory in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Saint Camillus, International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy.
Discov Med. 2024 May;36(184):874-881. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436184.82.
The number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring renal replacement therapy is increasing, often exhibiting oral manifestations including periodontal disease, gingival hyperplasia, altered saliva composition, and uremic stomatitis. Uremic stomatitis, xerostomia, and candidiasis are very frequent, particularly among patients undergoing dialysis or kidney transplant recipients. CKD patients also experience profound alterations in bone metabolism inherent in the homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). These alterations lead to demineralization of the jaw bones, reduced bone trabeculae, reduced cortical bone thickness, fibrocystic bone lesions, bone fractures, and delayed wound healing post-tooth extraction. Consequently, oral health management of elderly hemodialysis patients poses serious clinical problems. This review focused on the oral health and rehabilitation of patients with CKD or on dialysis.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者需要肾脏替代治疗的人数正在增加，他们常表现出口腔疾病，包括牙周病、牙龈增生、唾液成分改变和尿毒症性口炎。尿毒症性口炎、口干和念珠菌病非常常见，尤其是在接受透析或肾移植受者的患者中。CKD 患者还经历钙、磷、维生素 D、甲状旁腺激素和成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）内稳态固有骨代谢的深刻改变。这些改变导致颌骨脱矿质、骨小梁减少、皮质骨厚度减少、纤维囊性骨病变、骨折和拔牙后伤口愈合延迟。因此，老年血液透析患者的口腔健康管理存在严重的临床问题。本综述重点关注 CKD 或透析患者的口腔健康和康复。
