Sharma M, Asok Kumar M, Karikalan M, Faslu Rahman A T, Vivek Srinivas M, Ram H, Pawde A M, Shukla U, Yadav B M, Dhama K, Saikumar G
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Iran J Vet Res. 2023;24(4):369-373. doi: 10.22099/IJVR.2023.48517.7085.
Heterakidosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in birds, the caecae of a variety of wild and domestic birds are infected with these nematodes. In pheasants, nodular typhlitis is a lethal disease caused mainly by infection with Heterakis isolonche alone or in conjunction with Heterakis gallinarum. has long been recognized to infect birds with low pathogenicity, with only a few fatal cases previously reported.
This paper describes a case of fatal nodular typhlitis due to H. gallinarum in a male and female pair of adult golden pheasants (Chrysolophus pictus) from a zoological garden in Uttar Pradesh, India.
FINDINGS/TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The caecum had multiple serosal and mucosal nodules, the majority of which were found to contain various stages of parasites embedded in the center along with the free forms in the caecal contents. Histopathologically, these nodules were generally represented by granulomas centered on necrotic parasite debris, with the occasional reactive fibrous hyperplastic tissue reaction. Based on the morphology and nematode-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ITS1-5.8 rRNA-ITS2 region-based PCR, the nematode was identified as H. gallinarum. The presence of H. gallinarum was further confirmed by sequencing the ITS region followed by phylogenetic analysis. According to the author's best knowledge, this is the first instance of H. gallinarum being linked to nodular typhlitis in pheasants in India.
Our findings confirm that H. gallinarum H. isolonche can induce severe nodular typhlitis with a fatal outcome in pheasants.
异刺线虫病是鸟类中最普遍的寄生虫病之一，多种野生和家养鸟类的盲肠都感染了这些线虫。在雉鸡中，结节性盲肠炎是一种致死性疾病，主要由单独感染异刺线虫或与鸡异刺线虫共同感染引起。长期以来，人们一直认为异刺线虫对鸟类的致病性较低，此前仅报道过少数致命病例。
本文描述了一对来自印度北方邦一家动物园的成年雄性和雌性锦鸡（红腹锦鸡）因感染鸡异刺线虫而患致命结节性盲肠炎的病例。
发现/治疗及结果：盲肠有多个浆膜和黏膜结节，其中大部分结节中心发现有不同发育阶段的寄生虫，盲肠内容物中也有游离的寄生虫。组织病理学检查显示，这些结节通常以围绕坏死寄生虫碎片的肉芽肿为特征，偶尔伴有反应性纤维增生组织反应。根据形态学和基于线虫特异性内部转录间隔区（ITS）ITS1-5.8 rRNA-ITS2区域的PCR结果，该线虫被鉴定为鸡异刺线虫。通过对ITS区域进行测序并进行系统发育分析，进一步证实了鸡异刺线虫的存在。据作者所知，这是印度首次有鸡异刺线虫与雉鸡结节性盲肠炎相关的病例。
我们的研究结果证实，鸡异刺线虫和异刺线虫可在雉鸡中诱发严重的结节性盲肠炎并导致死亡。
