Assistant Professor (Veterinary Microbiology), College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, 224229, India.
Professor and Head Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, 224229, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1451:55-74. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_4.
The complex cytoplasmic DNA virus known as the fowlpox virus (FWPV) is a member of the avipoxvirus genus, Subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, and Family Poxviridae. The large genome size of FWPV makes it a potential vector for the creation of vaccines against a range of serious veterinary and human ailments. It also allows for multiple gene insertion and the generation of abortive infection in mammalian cells. The virus, which causes fowlpox in chickens and turkeys, is mainly transmitted to poultry through aerosols or biting insects. Fowlpox is a highly contagious disease that affects both domestic and wild birds, causing cutaneous and/or diphtheritic illnesses. To control the illness, strict hygiene practices and immunization with FWPV attenuated strains or antigenically similar pigeon pox virus vaccines are employed. Recent years have seen an increase in fowlpox outbreaks in chicken flocks, primarily due to the introduction of novel forms of FWPV. It is believed that the pathogenic characteristics of these strains are enhanced by the integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences of variable lengths into the FWPV genome. The standard laboratory diagnosis of FPV involves histopathological analysis, electron microscopy, virus isolation on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs or cell cultures, and serologic techniques. For quick and consistent diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proven to be the most sensitive method. PCR is used in concert with restriction endonuclease enzyme analysis (REA) to identify, differentiate, and characterize the molecular makeup of isolates of the fowlpox virus. Sequencing of the amplified fragments is then done.
已知的复杂细胞质 DNA 病毒——禽痘病毒（FWPV）是禽痘病毒属、痘病毒亚科和痘病毒科的一员。FWPV 的基因组较大，使其成为针对一系列严重兽医和人类疾病疫苗的潜在载体。它还允许进行多个基因插入，并在哺乳动物细胞中产生流产感染。该病毒会导致鸡和火鸡的禽痘，主要通过气溶胶或吸血昆虫传播给家禽。禽痘是一种高度传染性疾病，会影响家养和野生鸟类，导致皮肤和/或白喉样疾病。为了控制这种疾病，需要严格的卫生措施以及使用 FWPV 减毒株或抗原相似的鸽痘病毒疫苗进行免疫接种。近年来，鸡群中禽痘的爆发有所增加，主要是由于新型 FWPV 的引入。人们认为这些菌株的致病特征是通过将长短不一的网状内皮增生病毒序列整合到 FWPV 基因组中而增强的。FWPV 的标准实验室诊断包括组织病理学分析、电子显微镜检查、在鸡胚卵黄囊膜（CAM）或细胞培养物上进行病毒分离，以及血清学技术。为了快速、一致地进行诊断，聚合酶链反应（PCR）已被证明是最敏感的方法。PCR 与限制性内切酶分析（REA）结合使用，用于鉴定、区分和表征禽痘病毒分离株的分子构成。然后对扩增片段进行测序。
