Virology Unit, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1451:289-300. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_18.
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) of poxviridae family causes a zoonotic disease called monkeypox (Mpox). MPXV cases have a fatality ratio ranging from 0 to 11% globally and have been more prevalent in children. There are three generations of smallpox vaccines that protect against MPXV. First and second generation of the vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccine protects MPXV. However, various adverse side effects were associated with the first and second generations of vaccines. In contrast, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) replication-incompetent vaccine shows fewer adverse effects and a significant amount of neutralizing antibodies in mammalian cells. A third-generation Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) was approved to prevent Mpox in 2019. Recently, MVA-BN-based Imvanex, Imvamune, and JYNNEOS vaccines have also been administered against MPXV. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency in May 2022 due to increased MPXV cases. Various computational studies have also designed a multi-epitope-based vaccine against the MPXV. In the multi-epitope-based vaccine, different epitopes like B-cell, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL), CD8+, and CD4+ epitopes were derived from MPXV proteins. Further, these epitopes were linked with the help of various linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine against MPXV. In summary, we have provided an overview of the current status of the vaccine against MPXV.
正痘病毒科的猴痘病毒（MPXV）导致一种称为猴痘（Mpox）的人畜共患病。MPXV 病例的全球病死率范围为 0 至 11%，并且在儿童中更为普遍。有三代天花疫苗可预防 MPXV。第一代和第二代牛痘病毒（VACV）疫苗可预防 MPXV。然而，第一代和第二代疫苗与各种不良反应相关。相比之下，减毒活疫苗安卡拉-北欧巴伐利亚（MVA-BN）显示出较少的不良反应和大量在哺乳动物细胞中的中和抗体。第三代改良安卡拉牛痘病毒-北欧巴伐利亚（MVA-BN）于 2019 年被批准用于预防 Mpox。最近，也已针对 MPXV 接种了基于 MVA-BN 的 Imvanex、Imvamune 和 JYNNEOS 疫苗。全球范围内，世界卫生组织（WHO）于 2022 年 5 月因 MPXV 病例增加而宣布全球卫生紧急状态。各种计算研究也设计了针对 MPXV 的多表位疫苗。在多表位疫苗中，从 MPXV 蛋白中衍生出不同的表位，如 B 细胞、细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞（CTL）、CD8+和 CD4+表位。此外，这些表位通过各种接头连接起来，以设计针对 MPXV 的多表位疫苗。总之，我们提供了针对 MPXV 的疫苗的最新情况概述。
