Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Aug 15;355:124233. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124233. Epub 2024 May 25.
The impact of leachates from micronized beached plastics of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on coastal marine ecosystems was investigated by using a multidisciplinary approach. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological tests on phylogenetically distant species were performed on leachates from the following plastic categories: bottles, pellets, hard plastic (HP) containers, fishing nets (FN) and rapido trawling rubber (RTR). The bacteria Alivibrio fischeri, the nauplii of the crustaceans Amphibalanus amphitrite and Acartia tonsa, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the ephyrae of the jellyfish Aurelia sp. and the larvae of the medaka Oryzias latipes were exposed to different concentrations of leachates to evaluate lethal and sub-lethal effects. Thirty-one additives were identified in the plastic leachates; benzophenone, benzyl butyl phthalate and ethylparaben were present in all leachates. Ecotoxicity of leachates varied among plastic categories and areas, being RTR, HP and FN more toxic than plastic bottles and pellets to several marine invertebrates. The ecotoxicological results based on 13 endpoints were elaborated within a quantitative weight of evidence (WOE) model, providing a synthetic hazard index for each data typology, before their integrations in an environmental risk index. The WOE assigned a moderate and slight hazard to organisms exposed to leachates of FN and HP collected in the Mediterranean Sea respectively, and a moderate hazard to leachates of HP from the Atlantic Ocean. No hazard was found for pellet, bottles and RTR. These findings suggest that an integrated approach based on WOE on a large set of bioassays is recommended to get a more reliable assessment of the ecotoxicity of beached-plastic leachates. In addition, the additives leached from FN and HP should be further investigated to reduce high concentrations and additive types that could impact marine ecosystem health.
采用多学科方法研究了来自地中海和大西洋海滩塑料的浸出物对沿海海洋生态系统的影响。对来自以下塑料类别的浸出物进行了化学分析和对系统发育上不同的物种的生态毒理学测试：瓶子、颗粒、硬塑料（HP）容器、渔网（FN）和快速拖网橡胶（RTR）。使用细菌发光杆菌、甲壳类动物藤壶和桡足类动物卤虫的无节幼体、轮虫褶皱臂尾轮虫、海胆 Paracentrotus lividus 的胚胎、水母 Aurelia sp. 的水螅和米鱼 Oryzias latipes 的幼虫来评估浸出物的致死和亚致死效应。在塑料浸出物中鉴定出 31 种添加剂；所有浸出物中均存在二苯甲酮、邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯和乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯。浸出物的生态毒性因塑料类别和地区而异，与塑料瓶和颗粒相比，RTR、HP 和 FN 对几种海洋无脊椎动物更具毒性。基于 13 个终点的生态毒理学结果在定量证据权重（WOE）模型中进行了阐述，为每种数据类型提供了综合危害指数，然后将其整合到环境风险指数中。WOE 为暴露于在地中海收集的 FN 和 HP 浸出物中的生物体分配了中度和轻度危害，为暴露于大西洋 HP 浸出物中的生物体分配了中度危害。在 FN 和 HP 收集的浸出物中，未发现对颗粒、瓶子和 RTR 的危害。这些发现表明，建议采用基于 WOE 的大型生物测定综合方法，以更可靠地评估海滩塑料浸出物的生态毒性。此外，应进一步研究从 FN 和 HP 中浸出的添加剂，以降低可能影响海洋生态系统健康的高浓度和添加剂类型。
