Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy; Enea CR Portici, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
ECIMAT, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla, E-36331, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Apr;247:706-715. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.098. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Microplastics are defined as plastic fragments <5 mm, and they are found in the ocean where they can impact on the ecosystem. Once released in seawater, microplastics can be internalized by organisms due to their small size, moreover they can also leach out several additives used in plastic manufacturing, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, etc., resulting toxic for biota. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of micronized PVC products with three different colors, upon Paracentrotus lividus embryos. In particular, we assessed the effects of micronized plastics and microplastic leachates. Results showed a decrease of larval length in plutei exposed to low concentrations of micronized plastics, and a block of larval development in sea urchin embryos exposed to the highest dose. Virgin PVC polymer did not result toxic on P. lividus embryos, while an evident toxic effect due to leached substances in the medium was observed. In particular, the exposure to leachates induced a development arrest immediately after fertilization or morphological alterations in plutei. Finally, PVC products with different colors showed different toxicity, probably due to a different content and/or combination of heavy metals present in coloring agents.
微塑料被定义为 <5 毫米的塑料碎片，它们存在于海洋中，可能对生态系统造成影响。一旦在海水中释放，由于其体积小，微塑料可能被生物体内化，此外，它们还可以浸出塑料制造中使用的几种添加剂，如增塑剂、阻燃剂等，对生物群产生毒性。本研究的目的是测试三种不同颜色的微米级 PVC 产品对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎的毒性。特别是，我们评估了微米级塑料和微塑料浸出物的影响。结果表明，在暴露于低浓度微米级塑料的浮游幼虫中，幼虫长度减少，在暴露于最高剂量的海胆胚胎中，幼虫发育受阻。原生 PVC 聚合物对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎没有毒性，而在培养基中浸出的物质则表现出明显的毒性作用。特别是，浸出液的暴露在受精后立即引起胚胎发育停滞或浮游幼虫形态改变。最后，不同颜色的 PVC 产品表现出不同的毒性，这可能是由于着色剂中存在的重金属的含量和/或组合不同。
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