Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2024 Aug;150(2):105-117. doi: 10.1111/acps.13694. Epub 2024 May 28.
A thorough and comprehensive knowledge base on the extent of comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and somatic conditions is needed.
We compared the prevalence of a wide range of somatic conditions in individuals with and without ADHD and described sex and lifecourse differences. Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis (N = 87,394) and age and sex-matched individuals without an ADHD diagnosis were identified from a large health claims dataset representative of the general German population, including both primary and specialized care (N = 4.874,754). Results were provided for the full sample as well as stratified for sex and age (<12 years, 13-17 years, 18-29 years, 30-59 years, ≥60 years).
The results showed that ADHD is associated with a wide variety of somatic conditions across the entire lifecourse. Specifically neurological disorders such as Parkison's disease (odds ratio [OR]: 5.21) and dementia (OR: 2.23), sleep-related disorders (OR: 2.38) and autoimmune disorders affecting the musculoskeletal, digestive, and endocrine system (fibromyalgia OR: 3.33; lupus OR: 2.17) are strongly and significantly associated with ADHD. Additionally, ADHD is associated with higher occurrence of common acute diseases typically treated by the general practitioner, hinting at an overall general lower health status. Sex differences in somatic comorbidity were not prominent. Age differences, in contrast, stood out: in particular endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders had an early onset in individuals with compared to individuals without ADHD.
This research underlines the high burden of disease due to somatic conditions among individuals with ADHD. The findings indicate the need for preventive measures to reduce comorbidity.
需要全面深入地了解注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与躯体疾病共病的程度。
我们比较了患有和不患有 ADHD 的个体中广泛的躯体疾病的患病率，并描述了性别和生命历程差异。从一个代表德国普通人群的大型健康索赔数据集（包括初级和专科护理）中确定了患有 ADHD 诊断（N=87394）和年龄及性别匹配无 ADHD 诊断的个体（N=4874754）。结果提供了全样本以及按性别和年龄分层（<12 岁、13-17 岁、18-29 岁、30-59 岁、≥60 岁）的结果。
结果表明，ADHD 与整个生命历程中各种躯体疾病有关。具体而言，神经系统疾病（如帕金森病[OR：5.21]和痴呆症[OR：2.23]）、睡眠相关疾病（OR：2.38）和影响肌肉骨骼、消化和内分泌系统的自身免疫性疾病（纤维肌痛[OR：3.33]；狼疮[OR：2.17]）与 ADHD 强烈且显著相关。此外，ADHD 与常见急性疾病（通常由全科医生治疗）的发生率较高有关，这表明整体健康状况较低。躯体共病的性别差异并不明显。相比之下，年龄差异明显：特别是内分泌、心血管和神经系统疾病在患有 ADHD 的个体中比不患有 ADHD 的个体更早出现。
这项研究强调了患有 ADHD 的个体因躯体疾病而导致的高疾病负担。研究结果表明需要采取预防措施来减少共病。
