Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Soil Science Department, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Soil EcoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Soil EcoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Microbiol Res. 2024 Aug;285:127763. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127763. Epub 2024 May 15.
Soil desertification poses a critical ecological challenge in arid and semiarid climates worldwide, leading to decreased soil productivity due to the disruption of essential microbial community processes. Fungi, as one of the most important soil microbial communities, play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake by plants through mycorrhizal associations. However, the impact of overgrazing-induced desertification on fungal community structure, particularly in the Caatinga biome of semiarid regions, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the changes in both the total fungal community and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community (AMF) across 1. Natural vegetation (native), 2. Grazing exclusion (20 years) (restored), and 3. affected by overgrazing-induced degradation (degraded) scenarios. Our assessment, conducted during both the dry and rainy seasons in Irauçuba, Ceará, utilized Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequencing via Illumina® platform. Our findings highlighted the significant roles of the AMF families Glomeraceae (∼71% of the total sequences) and Acaulosporaceae (∼14% of the total sequences) as potential key taxa in mitigating climate change within dryland areas. Moreover, we identified the orders Pleosporales (∼35% of the total sequences) and Capnodiales (∼21% of the total sequences) as the most abundant soil fungal communities in the Caatinga biome. The structure of the total fungal community differed when comparing native and restored areas to degraded areas. Total fungal communities from native and restored areas clustered together, suggesting that grazing exclusion has the potential to improve soil properties and recover fungal community structure amid global climate change challenges.
土壤沙漠化是全球干旱和半干旱气候面临的关键生态挑战，由于关键微生物群落过程的破坏，导致土壤生产力下降。真菌作为最重要的土壤微生物群落之一，通过菌根共生关系，在增强植物对养分和水分的吸收方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，过度放牧引起的沙漠化对真菌群落结构的影响，特别是在半干旱地区的卡廷加生物群系，仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们评估了整个真菌群落和丛枝菌根真菌群落（AMF）在 1. 自然植被（原生）、2. 放牧排除（20 年）（恢复）和 3. 过度放牧引起的退化（退化）场景中的变化。我们的评估在塞阿拉州 Irauçuba 的旱季和雨季进行，使用 Illumina®平台进行内部转录间隔区（ITS）基因测序。我们的研究结果强调了 AMF 家族 Glomeraceae（约 71%的总序列）和 Acaulosporaceae（约 14%的总序列）作为潜在关键分类群的重要作用，它们在缓解旱地气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。此外，我们确定了 Pleosporales（约 35%的总序列）和 Capnodiales（约 21%的总序列）作为卡廷加生物群系中最丰富的土壤真菌群落的顺序。当将原生和恢复区与退化区进行比较时，总真菌群落的结构存在差异。原生和恢复区的总真菌群落聚集在一起，这表明放牧排除有可能改善土壤特性并在全球气候变化挑战中恢复真菌群落结构。
