Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.
Institute of Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Sci Adv. 2024 May 31;10(22):eadk8556. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8556. Epub 2024 May 29.
Increasing ethnic and racial diversity often fuels feelings of threat among ethnic-racial majorities (e.g., self-identified white Americans and European nationals). We contend that these threat perceptions depend on the policy context. Across four studies, we test whether more inclusive immigrant integration policies attenuate ethnic-racial majorities' threat reactions. Studies 1 to 3 ( = 469, 733, and 1745, respectively) used experimental methods with white American participants in the United States. Study 4 ( = 499,075) used secondary analysis of survey data comparing attitudes of nationals in 30 European countries and measured the impact of actual changes in diversity and policies over 10 years. Our results show that integration policies shape threat reactions even in those situations when increasing diversity could be seen as the most threatening: when narratives highlight the majority's impending minority position or when diversity suddenly increases. When policies are more inclusive toward immigrants, ethnic-racial majority participants report less threat (or no threat) in response to increasing diversity.
增加族裔和种族多样性往往会引发族裔多数群体（例如，自认为是美国白人或欧洲国民）的威胁感。我们认为，这些威胁感知取决于政策背景。在四项研究中，我们检验了更具包容性的移民融合政策是否会减轻族裔多数群体的威胁反应。研究 1 至 3（分别为 469、733 和 1745 名美国白人参与者）采用了实验方法，研究 4（499075 名参与者）使用了来自 30 个欧洲国家的国民态度的调查数据进行二次分析，并测量了 10 年来多样性和政策实际变化的影响。我们的研究结果表明，即使在多样性增加可能被视为最具威胁的情况下，融合政策也会影响威胁反应：当叙述强调多数群体即将成为少数群体的地位，或者多样性突然增加时。当移民融合政策对移民更具包容性时，族裔多数群体参与者对不断增加的多样性的反应表现出较少的威胁（或没有威胁）。
