Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany.
J Control Release. 2024 Jul;371:216-236. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.044. Epub 2024 May 31.
Nanoparticles have a great potential to significantly improve the delivery of therapeutics to the brain and may also be equipped with properties to investigate brain function. The brain, being a highly complex organ shielded by selective barriers, requires its own specialized detection system. However, a significant hurdle to achieve these goals is still the identification of individual nanoparticles within the brain with sufficient cellular, subcellular, and temporal resolution. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on detection systems for tracking nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier and within the brain. We discuss commonly employed in vivo and ex vivo nanoparticle identification and quantification methods, as well as various imaging modalities able to detect nanoparticles in the brain. Advantages and weaknesses of these modalities as well as the biological factors that must be considered when interpreting results obtained through nanotechnologies are summarized. Finally, we critically evaluate the prevailing limitations of existing technologies and explore potential solutions.
纳米颗粒具有极大的潜力，可以显著改善治疗药物向大脑的输送效果，并且还可能具有研究大脑功能的特性。大脑是一个高度复杂的器官，受到选择性屏障的保护，因此需要其自身的专门检测系统。然而，实现这些目标的一个重大障碍仍然是在大脑内以足够的细胞、亚细胞和时间分辨率识别单个纳米颗粒。本综述旨在全面总结目前关于跟踪血脑屏障内外纳米颗粒的检测系统的知识。我们讨论了常用的体内和体外纳米颗粒识别和定量方法，以及各种能够在大脑中检测纳米颗粒的成像方式。总结了这些方式的优缺点，以及在解释通过纳米技术获得的结果时必须考虑的生物学因素。最后，我们批判性地评估了现有技术的普遍局限性，并探讨了潜在的解决方案。
