Department of Research & Publications, SINA Health Education & Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan.
University of Saskatchewan, Data Analyst, SINA Health Education & Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan-Dec;15:21501319241258658. doi: 10.1177/21501319241258658.
Anxiety and depression often exacerbate multimorbidity conditions, leading to increased disability rates among affected individuals.
The study aimed to assess the mental health status of individuals with multimorbidity belonging to the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan. Specifically, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was investigated.
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and June 2023 in 10 primary healthcare clinics located in 4 peri-urban areas of Karachi. A total of 9331 participants were included in the study. The Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.4.
Among the study participants, 2894 (31%) were men and 5534 (59.3%) were women. The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety was 31% among men and 59.3% among women. The age group between 41 and 60 years exhibited the highest rates of moderate to severe anxiety, 19.3% as evaluated by GAD-7 and 34.6% by PHQ-9. The Pathan ethnic group had the highest prevalence of anxiety (11%) and depression (28.3%) in the neighborhoods. Unemployed participants showed moderate to severe anxiety in 21.3% of the cases and moderate to severe depression in 25.5% of the cases.
The study revealed a significant cooccurrence of anxiety and depression among individuals with multimorbidity in the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan. Furthermore, the presence of anxiety symptoms in multimorbidity patients with depression indicates a more unfavorable health state. It is essential to explore the implementation of screening measures and therapeutic interventions for comorbid anxiety and depression in this population to improve clinical outcomes.
焦虑和抑郁常常会使多种疾病恶化，导致受影响人群的残疾率上升。
本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦卡拉奇边缘人群中患有多种疾病人群的心理健康状况。具体而言，研究调查了焦虑和抑郁的患病率。
本项多中心横断面研究于 2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 6 月在卡拉奇 4 个城郊地区的 10 家初级保健诊所进行。共纳入 9331 名参与者。使用患者健康问卷 4 项（PHQ-4）、广泛性焦虑障碍 7 项（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷 9 项（PHQ-9）评估焦虑和抑郁症状。使用统计分析系统（SAS）版本 9.4 分析收集的数据。
研究参与者中，2894 名（31%）为男性，5534 名（59.3%）为女性。男性中度至重度焦虑的患病率为 31%，女性为 59.3%。年龄在 41 至 60 岁之间的人群中，GAD-7 评估的中度至重度焦虑发生率最高，为 19.3%，PHQ-9 评估的中度至重度焦虑发生率为 34.6%。在社区中，普什图族群体的焦虑（11%）和抑郁（28.3%）患病率最高。失业参与者中，21.3%的人出现中度至重度焦虑，25.5%的人出现中度至重度抑郁。
本研究揭示了巴基斯坦卡拉奇边缘人群中患有多种疾病的个体中焦虑和抑郁的显著共病。此外，患有多种疾病的抑郁患者出现焦虑症状表明其健康状况更差。有必要探索在这一人群中实施针对焦虑和抑郁共病的筛查措施和治疗干预措施，以改善临床结局。
