College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R.China.
PLoS One. 2024 May 30;19(5):e0300316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300316. eCollection 2024.
Bactrian camels inhabiting desert and semi-desert regions of China are valuable animal models for studying adaptation to desert environments and heat stress. In this study, 16S rRNA technology was employed to investigate the distribution characteristics and differences of mucosal microorganisms in the anterior gland area, posterior gland area, third gland area, cardia gland area, gastric fundic gland area and pyloric gland area of 5-peak adult healthy Bactrian camels. We aimed to explore the possible reasons for the observed microbial distribution from the aspects of histological structure and mucosal immunity. Bacteroides and Fibrobacteria accounted for 59.54% and 3.22% in the gland area, respectively, and 52.37% and 1.49% in the wrinkled stomach gland area, respectively. The gland area showed higher abundance of Bacteroides and Fibrobacteria than the wrinkled stomach gland area. Additionally, the anterior gland area, posterior gland area, third gland area, and cardia gland area of Bactrian camels mainly secreted acidic mucus, while the gastric fundic gland area mainly secreted neutral mucus and the pyloric region mainly secreted a mixture of acidic and neutral mucus. The results of immunohistochemistry techniques demonstrated that the number of IgA+ cells in the anterior glandular area, posterior glandular area, third glandular area, and cardia gland area was significantly higher than that in the fundic and pyloric gland area (p < 0.05), and the difference in IgA+ between the fundic and pyloric gland area was not significant (p > 0.05). The study revealed a large number of bacteria that can digest and degrade cellulose on the mucosa of the gastric gland area of Bactrian camels. The distribution of IgA+ cells, the structure of the mucosal tissue in the glandular region, and the composition of the mucus secreted on its surface may have a crucial influence on microbial fixation and differential distribution.
双峰驼生活在中国的荒漠和半荒漠地区，是研究适应荒漠环境和热应激的有价值的动物模型。本研究采用 16S rRNA 技术，研究了 5 峰成年健康双峰驼前腺区、后腺区、第三腺区、贲门腺区、胃底腺区和幽门腺区黏膜微生物的分布特征和差异，从组织学结构和黏膜免疫的角度探讨了观察到的微生物分布的可能原因。拟杆菌和纤维杆菌在腺区的比例分别为 59.54%和 3.22%，在皱胃腺区的比例分别为 52.37%和 1.49%。腺区拟杆菌和纤维杆菌的丰度高于皱胃腺区。此外，双峰驼的前腺区、后腺区、第三腺区和贲门腺区主要分泌酸性黏液，而胃底腺区主要分泌中性黏液，幽门区主要分泌酸性和中性混合黏液。免疫组织化学技术的结果表明，前腺区、后腺区、第三腺区和贲门腺区的 IgA+细胞数量明显高于胃底和幽门区（p < 0.05），而胃底和幽门区之间的 IgA+差异不显著（p > 0.05）。研究发现大量可消化和降解胃腺区黏膜纤维素的细菌。IgA+细胞的分布、腺区黏膜组织的结构以及其表面分泌的黏液组成可能对微生物的固定和差异分布有重要影响。
