Goenka Shilpi
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Odontology. 2025 Jan;113(1):163-179. doi: 10.1007/s10266-024-00957-7. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
This study aims to compare six commercial adult toothpaste (labeled as A, B, C, D, E, and F) for cytotoxicity and melanocyte function alterations in vitro using primary human epidermal melanocytes from a Caucasian donor (HEMn-LP cells) as a model of oral melanocytes. Cells were incubated with toothpaste extracts (50% w/v) in culture media at dilutions (1:25, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:800, and 1:1000) for 24 h. MTS and LDH assays were used to assess cytotoxicity. The effects of noncytotoxic toothpaste concentrations on melanocyte functional endpoints were then examined using spectrophotometric methods. All toothpaste showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity that was heterogeneous across toothpaste containing SLS detergent. IC values of cytotoxicity followed the order: A = E > C > B > D > F. To compare toothpaste, they were tested at 1:800 and 1:1000 dilutions that were noncytotoxic after 24 h. None of the toothpaste affected cellular melanin production. However, toothpaste A, C, and D suppressed tyrosinase activity at both dilutions, while toothpaste B suppressed tyrosinase activity only at 1:800 dilution. Toothpaste A, C, E, and F elevated ROS production at 1:800 dilution, with no change at 1:1000 dilution. Toothpaste has a heterogeneous effect on melanocytes. Toothpaste B, E, and F at 1:1000 dilution were the safest as they did not alter melanocyte functions at this dilution, although toothpaste F is the least cytotoxic of these. Future studies are necessary to expand these results in a physiological environment of oral tissue. The findings of this study provide novel insight into the biocompatibility studies of toothpaste on oral melanocytes. They can aid dental practitioners and consumers in selecting noncytotoxic toothpaste that do not contribute to ROS generation by melanocytes in the oral cavity or lead to cytotoxicity and impaired cellular function.
本研究旨在使用来自白种人供体的原代表皮黑素细胞（HEMn-LP细胞）作为口腔黑素细胞模型，在体外比较六种市售成人牙膏（标记为A、B、C、D、E和F）对细胞毒性和黑素细胞功能改变的影响。将细胞与牙膏提取物（50% w/v）在培养基中以不同稀释度（1:25、1:50、1:100、1:200、1:500、1:800和1:1000）孵育24小时。采用MTS和LDH测定法评估细胞毒性。然后使用分光光度法检查无细胞毒性的牙膏浓度对黑素细胞功能终点的影响。所有牙膏均表现出浓度依赖性细胞毒性，含SLS洗涤剂的牙膏之间存在异质性。细胞毒性的IC值顺序为：A = E > C > B > D > F。为了比较牙膏，在24小时后无细胞毒性的1:800和1:1000稀释度下对它们进行测试。没有一种牙膏影响细胞黑色素生成。然而，牙膏A、C和D在两种稀释度下均抑制酪氨酸酶活性，而牙膏B仅在1:800稀释度下抑制酪氨酸酶活性。牙膏A、C、E和F在1:800稀释度下提高了ROS生成，在1:1000稀释度下无变化。牙膏对黑素细胞有不同的影响。牙膏B、E和F在1:1000稀释度下最安全，因为它们在此稀释度下不会改变黑素细胞功能，尽管牙膏F在这些牙膏中细胞毒性最小。未来有必要在口腔组织的生理环境中扩展这些结果。本研究结果为牙膏对口腔黑素细胞的生物相容性研究提供了新的见解。它们可以帮助牙科医生和消费者选择不会导致口腔中黑素细胞产生ROS或导致细胞毒性和细胞功能受损的无细胞毒性牙膏。
