Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 1;941:173665. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173665. Epub 2024 May 31.
Recent hot droughts have caused tree vitality decline and increased mortality in many forest regions on earth. Most of Central Europe's important timber species have suffered from the extreme 2018/2019 hot drought, confronting foresters with difficult questions about the choice of more drought- and heat-resistant tree species. We compared the growth dynamics of European beech, sessile oak, Scots pine and Douglas fir in a warmer and a cooler lowland region of Germany to explore the adaptive potential of the four species to climate warming (24 forest stands). The basal area increment (BAI) of the two conifers has declined since about 1990-2010 in both regions, and that of beech in the warmer region, while oak showed positive BAI trends. A 2 °C difference in mean temperatures and a higher frequency of hot days (temperature maximum >30 °C) resulted in greater sensitivity to a negative climatic water balance in beech and oak, and elevated sensitivity to summer heat in Douglas fir and pine. This suggests to include hot days in climate-growth analyses. Negative pointer years were closely related to dry years. Nevertheless, all species showed growth recovery within one to three years. We conclude that all four species are sensitive to a deteriorating climatic water balance and hot temperatures, and have so far not been able to successfully acclimate to the warmer climate, with especially Douglas and beech, but also Scots pine, being vulnerable to a warming and drying climate.
最近的炎热干旱导致地球上许多森林地区的树木活力下降和死亡率增加。中欧大部分重要的木材物种都遭受了 2018/2019 年极端炎热干旱的影响，这使得林务员们不得不面对选择更能耐受干旱和高温的树种这一难题。我们比较了德国一个温暖低地地区和一个凉爽低地地区的欧洲山毛榉、无梗栎、欧洲赤松和花旗松的生长动态，以探索这四个树种对气候变暖的适应潜力（24 个森林样地）。自 1990-2010 年以来，两个针叶树种的基面积增量（BAI）在两个地区都有所下降，而温暖地区的山毛榉的 BAI 呈上升趋势，栎树则呈正 BAI 趋势。平均温度相差 2°C，高温日（最高温度>30°C）的频率更高，导致山毛榉和栎树对负气候水分平衡更为敏感，花旗松和松树对夏季高温更为敏感。这表明在气候-生长分析中应考虑高温日。负指针年与干旱年密切相关。尽管如此，所有树种都在一到三年内恢复了生长。我们的结论是，所有四个树种对恶化的气候水分平衡和高温都很敏感，到目前为止，它们还没有成功地适应温暖的气候，其中花旗松和山毛榉尤其脆弱，而欧洲赤松也容易受到气候变暖变干的影响。
