Rijal Madhab, Luo Pingping, Mishra Binaya Kumar, Zhou Meimei, Wang Xiaohui
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710064, China; Shaanxi Province Innovation and Introduction Base for Discipline of Urban and Rural Water Security and Rural Revitalization in Arid Areas, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; Xi'an Monitoring, Modelling and Early Warning of Watershed Spatial Hydrology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; Central Department of Hydropower Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Mid-West University, Karnali Province, Nepal.
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710064, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Chang'an University, Minis-try of Education, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Province Innovation and Introduction Base for Discipline of Urban and Rural Water Security and Rural Revitalization in Arid Areas, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; Xi'an Monitoring, Modelling and Early Warning of Watershed Spatial Hydrology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 1;941:173672. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173672. Epub 2024 May 31.
Snow-covered mountainous regions are crucial for the hydrologic cycle. Any changes in the cryosphere are critical and directly impact the hydrologic cycle and socio-environment of the downstream. It is likely to occur more extreme events of precipitations, raising the risk of flooding worldwide. Glacier melting is increasing, thus the formation of the moraine-dammed lake called glacial lake, whose outburst may be a catastrophic disaster. Due to steep topography, flash floods with high energy can sweep away infrastructure, electric power stations, property, and livelihood and even change the channel morphology, hence the whole environment. In this article, we present the causes of flooding in mountainous regions and historical trends of mountainous flooding and its management policies. Carbon emission is a driver to increase the temperature of the globe and which is triggering the flash floods in mountainous regions is illustrated using data from different sources. The discussion section includes how technology helps to achieve a climate-resilient environment. Understanding river morphology, mapping and monitoring risks, and simulating essential natural processes are necessary for reducing the cascading hazards in the mountains. There is still a gap in modern data collection techniques in mountainous regions. More advanced technology for regional and global collaborations, climate change adaption, and public awareness can build the climate resilience cryosphere.
积雪覆盖的山区对水文循环至关重要。冰冻圈的任何变化都至关重要，并直接影响下游的水文循环和社会环境。降水极端事件可能会增加，从而提高全球洪水风险。冰川融化正在加剧，因此形成了称为冰碛堰塞湖的冰川湖，其溃决可能是一场灾难性的灾难。由于地形陡峭，高能山洪可以冲毁基础设施、发电站、财产和生计，甚至改变河道形态，进而改变整个环境。在本文中，我们介绍了山区洪水的成因、山区洪水的历史趋势及其管理政策。碳排放是全球气温上升的一个驱动因素，利用来自不同来源的数据说明了它是如何引发山区山洪的。讨论部分包括技术如何有助于实现气候适应型环境。了解河流形态、绘制和监测风险以及模拟基本自然过程对于减少山区的连锁灾害是必要的。山区现代数据收集技术仍存在差距。用于区域和全球合作、气候变化适应及公众意识的更先进技术可以增强冰冻圈的气候适应能力。
