Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jun 1;24(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03173-1.
More than 90% of babies acquire HIV/AIDS through vertical transmission, primarily due to low maternal comprehensive knowledge about Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS and its prevention, which is a cornerstone for eliminating MTCT of HIV/AIDS. However, there are limitations in terms of population data and literature evidence based on recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) reports in East Africa. Therefore, this study aims to assess the comprehensive knowledge and PMTCT of HIV/AIDS among women, as well as the associated factors in East Africa.
Our data was obtained from the most recent DHS conducted in East African countries between 2011 and 2022. For our research, we included DHS data from ten nations, resulting in a total weighted sample of 133,724 women for our investigation. A generalized linear model (GLM) with a log link and binomial family to directly estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the independent variables, and the outcome variable. Finally, we reported the adjusted prevalence ratios along with their corresponding 95% CIs. Factors with p-values ≤ 0.2 for univariate logistic regression and < 0.05 were considered statistically significant factors of HIV/AIDS knowledge and prevention in the final model.
In this study, 59.41% (95% CI: 59.15-59.67) of respondents had a comprehensive knowledge about MTCT of HIV/AIDS and its prevention among reproductive-age women in East Africa. Being in the older age group, better education level, being from a rich household, employment status, having ANC follow up, institutional delivery, and modern contraception usage were associated with higher prevalence ratios of comprehensive knowledge about MTCT of HIV/AIDS and its prevention. However, being single in marital status, rural women, and traditional contraception utilization were associated with lower ratios of comprehensive knowledge about MTCT of HIV/AIDS and its prevention.
Our findings indicate a significant deficiency in comprehensive knowledge and prevention of HIV/AIDS MTCT among women in East Africa. These results emphasize the need for significant improvements in maternal-related health services. It is crucial to effectively target high-risk populations during interventions, raise awareness about this critical public health issue, and address the catastrophic consequences associated with MTCT. By implementing these measures, we can make substantial progress in reducing the transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother to child and ensuring better health outcomes for both mothers and their children.
超过 90%的婴儿通过垂直传播感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病，主要是因为产妇对艾滋病毒母婴传播（MTCT）及其预防的综合知识水平较低，而这是消除艾滋病毒母婴传播的基石。然而，最近东非人口与健康调查（DHS）报告中的人口数据和文献证据存在局限性。因此，本研究旨在评估东非国家妇女对艾滋病毒母婴传播的综合知识和预防情况，以及相关因素。
我们的数据来自于 2011 年至 2022 年期间在东非国家进行的最新 DHS。我们的研究包括来自十个国家的 DHS 数据，对 133724 名妇女进行了总加权样本调查。采用广义线性模型（GLM），以对数链接和二项式家族直接估计独立变量与结果变量之间的关联的优势比（PR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。最后，我们报告了调整后的优势比及其相应的 95%CI。单变量逻辑回归中 p 值≤0.2 的因素和最终模型中 p 值<0.05 的因素被认为是艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识和预防的统计学显著因素。
在这项研究中，59.41%（95%CI：59.15-59.67）的受访者对东非育龄妇女的艾滋病毒母婴传播及其预防有全面的了解。年龄较大、教育程度较高、来自富裕家庭、就业状况、接受 ANC 随访、机构分娩和现代避孕方法与艾滋病毒母婴传播及其预防的综合知识的更高优势比相关。然而，在婚姻状况中单身、农村妇女和传统避孕方法的使用与艾滋病毒母婴传播及其预防的综合知识的较低优势比相关。
我们的研究结果表明，东非国家妇女对艾滋病毒母婴传播的综合知识和预防水平显著不足。这些结果强调了需要显著改善产妇相关的卫生服务。在干预措施中，对高危人群进行有针对性的干预非常重要，需要提高对这一重大公共卫生问题的认识，并解决与母婴传播相关的灾难性后果。通过实施这些措施，我们可以在减少母婴传播艾滋病毒/艾滋病方面取得重大进展，确保母婴的健康结果得到改善。
