Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Post Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Emergency, and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Jan 2;43(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00491-2.
The biggest health problem in East Africa is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Combating stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS is a key goal of many international organizations in their efforts to ensure universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support programs. However, previous studies in various regions of Africa have shown that the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes related to HIV/AIDS is particularly high. Furthermore, there is a current evidence gap in the region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients, and its associated factors among women in East African countries.
The data we utilized were gathered from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), which were carried out in east African nations between 2016 and 2022. We integrated DHS data from ten countries into our investigation. For our analysis, a weighted sample of 139,812 women overall was employed. The analysis used multiple logistic regressions. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were then shown, and components with binary logistic regression p values of less than or equal to 0.2 and < 0.05 were regarded as significant predictors of discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients.
In this study, 32.73% (95% CI 34.48-32.97) of respondents had a discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, being in the older age groups, having a better education level, being from a wealthy household, having employment status, having ANC follow-up, institutional delivery, mass media exposure, and having female household heads were associated with higher odds of not having a discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. However, being unmarried and living far from the health facilities were associated with higher odds of discriminatory attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients.
This study concluded that women in East Africa still had a very discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. The good news for East Africa is that prevalence has decreased when compared to earlier findings. Improving women's empowerment, maternal health services, and health facilities' accessibility are crucial.
东非地区最大的健康问题是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。打击与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱和歧视是许多国际组织努力确保普遍获得艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防、治疗、护理和支持方案的关键目标。然而，非洲各地区的先前研究表明，与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的歧视态度的流行率特别高。此外，该地区目前存在证据差距。因此，本研究旨在确定东非国家妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的歧视态度的流行率及其相关因素。
我们使用的数据来自于 2016 年至 2022 年间在东非国家进行的最新人口与健康调查（DHS）。我们将来自十个国家的 DHS 数据纳入我们的调查。我们的分析采用了总共有 139812 名妇女的加权样本。分析采用了多变量逻辑回归。然后显示了调整后的优势比及其 95%置信区间，并且将二元逻辑回归 p 值小于或等于 0.2 和 <0.05 的分量视为对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者歧视的显著预测因素。
在这项研究中，32.73%（95%CI 34.48-32.97）的受访者对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者持有歧视态度。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，年龄较大、教育程度较高、家庭较富裕、有就业状况、接受 ANC 随访、在机构分娩、接触大众媒体以及女性户主，与对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者持不歧视态度的可能性更高相关。然而，未婚和居住在远离卫生设施的地方与对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的歧视态度的可能性更高相关。
本研究得出的结论是，东非地区的妇女对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者仍然存在非常歧视的态度。对东非来说，好消息是与早期发现相比，流行率有所下降。增强妇女权能、改善孕产妇保健服务和增加卫生设施的可及性至关重要。
