Dept. of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
Sue Anschutz-Rodgers University of Colorado Eye Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Thyroid. 2024 Jul;34(7):880-889. doi: 10.1089/thy.2023.0656. Epub 2024 Jun 2.
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune process characterized by extraocular muscle and orbital fat remodeling/expansion resulting in swelling, pain, redness, proptosis, and diplopia. Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibitor, demonstrated improvements in TED signs and symptoms in three adequately powered clinical trials of 24 weeks duration. Here we analyze the long-term maintenance of responses with teprotumumab from these trials. A total of 112 patients who received 7 or 8 infusions of teprotumumab in the Phase 2, Phase 3 (OPTIC study), and OPTIC Extension (OPTIC-X) studies were included in this analysis. Responses, including clinical activity score (CAS ≥2-point improvement), the European Group of Graves' Orbitopathy ophthalmic composite outcome, diplopia (≥1 Gorman grade improvement), proptosis (≥2 mm improvement), Overall (improvement in proptosis + CAS), and disease inactivation (CAS ≤1), were assessed and pooled from study baseline to week 24 (formal study) and up to week 72 (formal follow-up). Graves' Ophthalmopathy quality-of-life (GO-QoL) scores were also assessed. Outcomes included the percentages of observed patient responses from the study baseline. Additional alternative treatments for TED were assessed as a surrogate of persistent benefit from week 24 through week 120 (extended follow-up). Studies differed in the timing of follow-up visits, and data from some visits were unavailable. At week 72, 52/57 (91.2%), 51/57 (89.5%), 35/48 (72.9%), 38/56 (67.9%), and 37/56 (66.1%) of patients were responders for CAS, composite outcome, diplopia, proptosis, and Overall response, respectively. The mean reduction in proptosis was 2.68 mm (SD 1.92, = 56), mean GO-QoL improvement was 15.22 (SE 2.82, = 56), and disease inactivation (CAS ≤1) was detected in 40/57 (70.2%). Over 99 weeks following teprotumumab therapy, 19/106 (17.9%) patients reported additional TED therapy during formal and extended follow-up. The long-term response to teprotumumab as observed 51 weeks after therapy was similar to week 24 results in the controlled clinical trials. Inflammatory and ophthalmic composite outcome improvements were seen in 90% of patients with nearly 70% reporting improvement in diplopia and proptosis. Further, 82% of patients in this analysis did not report additional TED treatment (including surgery) over 99 weeks following the final teprotumumab dose.
甲状腺眼病(TED)是一种自身免疫过程,其特征为眼外肌和眶脂肪重塑/扩张,导致肿胀、疼痛、发红、突出和复视。胰岛素样生长因子-I 受体抑制剂特普罗斯单抗在三项为期 24 周的充分有力的临床试验中显示出对 TED 体征和症状的改善。在这里,我们分析了这些试验中特普罗斯单抗的长期维持反应。共有 112 名患者在 2 期、3 期(OPTIC 研究)和 OPTIC 扩展(OPTIC-X)研究中接受了 7 或 8 次特普罗斯单抗输注,包括在本次分析中。应答,包括临床活动评分(CAS 改善≥2 分)、欧洲格雷夫斯眼病眼眶综合结局、复视(≥1 Gorman 分级改善)、突出度(≥2 毫米改善)、总体(突出度+CAS 改善)和疾病失活(CAS≤1),从研究基线到第 24 周(正式研究)和第 72 周(正式随访)进行评估和汇总。格雷夫斯眼病生活质量(GO-QoL)评分也进行了评估。结果包括观察到的患者应答百分比从研究基线开始。从第 24 周到第 120 周(扩展随访),还评估了 TED 的其他替代治疗方法,作为持续获益的替代指标。不同研究的随访时间不同,部分随访数据不可用。第 72 周时,分别有 52/57(91.2%)、51/57(89.5%)、35/48(72.9%)、38/56(67.9%)和 37/56(66.1%)名患者的 CAS、综合结局、复视、突出度和总体反应为应答者。平均眼球突出度降低 2.68 毫米(SD 1.92,=56),平均 GO-QoL 改善 15.22(SE 2.82,=56),40/57(70.2%)名患者检测到疾病失活(CAS≤1)。在特普罗斯单抗治疗后超过 99 周的时间里,19/106(17.9%)名患者在正式和扩展随访期间报告了额外的 TED 治疗。在控制临床试验中,治疗后 51 周观察到的特普罗斯单抗的长期反应与第 24 周的结果相似。90%的患者出现炎症和眼眶综合结局改善,近 70%的患者报告复视和突出度改善。此外,在这项分析中,82%的患者在最后一次特普罗斯单抗剂量后 99 周内没有报告额外的 TED 治疗(包括手术)。