Fight or flee, a vital choice for .

is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, causing billions of economic losses every year. Its symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. Transmission and recurrence of infection (CDI) are mediated by the metabolically dormant spores, while the virulence of is mainly due to the two large clostridial toxins, TcdA and TcdB. Producing toxins or forming spores are two different strategies for to cope with harsh environmental conditions. It is of great significance to understand the molecular mechanisms for to skew to either of the cellular processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the regulation and connections between toxin production and sporulation in and further discuss the potential solutions for yet-to-be-answered questions.