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“我来自贫民窟,我是黑人,我住在棚户区,他们会想:干嘛要管她?”——巴西家庭暴力求助经历中的种族主义问题

"I Am from the Ghetto, I Am Black, I Live in the Slum and They Think: Why Bother with Her?" - Racism in Seeking Help Experiences for Domestic Violence in Brazil.

作者信息

Pereira Stephanie, Schraiber Lilia Blima, d'Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas

机构信息

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

J Interpers Violence. 2025 Mar;40(5-6):1037-1062. doi: 10.1177/08862605241256389. Epub 2024 Jun 3.

Abstract

Despite the majority of Brazilians identifying as black, racial disparities are significant. Black women encounter disproportionate difficulties, with greater rates of homicide, unemployment, and poverty. After the Maria da Penha Law (2006), which is regarded as one of the most comprehensive laws to address domestic violence, there has been a notable increase in femicide among black women and a decrease in cases among white women. This paper aims to analyze the differences between white and black survivors of domestic violence in terms of the access and support they received from the violence against women multi agency network in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. To this end, in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with nine white and nine black women who were seeking help in the justice system in June of 2018. The IDI were analyzed under critical path and structural racism theories, in order to understand how inequality markers such as race might affect the institutional response to the survivor's help seeking. The results indicated that black women received less information and support while seeking institutional help, as they faced more obstacles compared to white women. Among the interviewees critical paths, the access to the services was denied by providers 13 times for black women in contrast with 1 access denial for white women-also considering cases that discontinued the needed assistance due to institutional violence. The observed obstacles lived by black women in the multiagency network not only resulted in the path for these women toward support being longer but in many cases being repeated unsuccessfully multiple times. This study concludes that thus all women face obstacles while seeking help in formal institutions, black women may face greater barriers in this path due to how structural racism is reproduced in the services that should guarantee rights.

摘要

尽管大多数巴西人自认为是黑人,但种族差异仍然显著。黑人女性面临着不成比例的困难,在凶杀、失业和贫困方面的发生率更高。在被视为应对家庭暴力最全面的法律之一的《玛丽亚·达·佩尼亚法》(2006年)颁布后,黑人女性中的女性杀人案件显著增加,而白人女性中的此类案件有所减少。本文旨在分析巴西圣保罗市家庭暴力的白人幸存者和黑人幸存者在获得针对妇女暴力问题多机构网络的帮助和支持方面的差异。为此,2018年6月对九名正在司法系统寻求帮助的白人女性和九名黑人女性进行了深入访谈。根据关键路径和结构性种族主义理论对深入访谈进行了分析,以了解种族等不平等标志如何影响机构对幸存者寻求帮助的反应。结果表明,黑人女性在寻求机构帮助时获得的信息和支持较少,因为她们比白人女性面临更多障碍。在受访者的关键路径中,黑人女性被服务提供者拒绝获得服务13次,而白人女性只有1次——还考虑到因机构暴力而中断所需援助的情况。黑人女性在多机构网络中所面临的明显障碍不仅导致她们获得支持的路径更长,而且在许多情况下多次未能成功重复尝试。本研究得出结论,虽然所有女性在向正规机构寻求帮助时都会面临障碍,但由于结构性种族主义在应保障权利的服务中得以重现,黑人女性在这条道路上可能面临更大的障碍。

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