Huang Lei, Niu Huiting, Xia Chenfeng, Li Fu-Min, Shahid Zaman, Xia Bao Yu
Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland (UOA), Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
Adv Mater. 2024 Aug;36(32):e2404773. doi: 10.1002/adma.202404773. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
There is notable progress in the development of efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts, which are crucial components of fuel cells. However, these superior activities are limited by imbalanced mass transport and cannot be fully reflected in actual fuel cell applications. Herein, the design concepts and development tracks of platinum (Pt)-nanocarbon hybrid catalysts, aiming to enhance the performance of both cathodic electrocatalysts and fuel cells, are presented. This review commences with an introduction to Pt/C catalysts, highlighting the diverse architectures developed to date, with particular emphasis on heteroatom modification and microstructure construction of functionalized nanocarbons based on integrated design concepts. This discussion encompasses the structural evolution, property enhancement, and catalytic mechanisms of Pt/C-based catalysts, including rational preparation recipes, superior activity, strong stability, robust metal-support interactions, adsorption regulation, synergistic pathways, confinement strategies, ionomer optimization, mass transport permission, multidimensional construction, and reactor upgrading. Furthermore, this review explores the low-barrier or barrier-free mass exchange interfaces and channels achieved through the impressive multidimensional construction of Pt-nanocarbon integrated catalysts, with the goal of optimizing fuel cell efficiency. In conclusion, this review outlines the challenges associated with Pt-nanocarbon integrated catalysts and provides perspectives on the future development trends of fuel cells and beyond.
高效氧还原电催化剂的开发取得了显著进展，这些催化剂是燃料电池的关键组件。然而，这些优异的活性受到传质不平衡的限制，无法在实际燃料电池应用中得到充分体现。在此，介绍了旨在提高阴极电催化剂和燃料电池性能的铂（Pt）-纳米碳复合催化剂的设计理念和发展轨迹。本综述首先介绍了Pt/C催化剂，重点介绍了迄今为止开发的各种结构，特别强调了基于综合设计理念的功能化纳米碳的杂原子修饰和微观结构构建。讨论内容包括Pt/C基催化剂的结构演变、性能增强和催化机制，包括合理的制备方法、优异的活性、强稳定性、稳健的金属-载体相互作用、吸附调控、协同途径、限域策略、离聚物优化、传质许可、多维构建和反应器升级。此外，本综述探讨了通过Pt-纳米碳集成催化剂令人印象深刻的多维构建实现的低势垒或无势垒质量交换界面和通道，目标是优化燃料电池效率。总之，本综述概述了Pt-纳米碳集成催化剂相关的挑战，并提供了关于燃料电池及其他领域未来发展趋势的观点。
