British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada.
Institute for Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
PLoS Med. 2024 Jun 3;21(6):e1004413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004413. eCollection 2024 Jun.
While there is widespread consensus that sex- and gender-related factors are important for how interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated, it is not currently known how alcohol treatment research accounts for sex characteristics and/or gender identities and modalities. This methodological systematic review documents and assesses how sex characteristics, gender identities, and gender modalities are operationalized in alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth.
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LGBT Life, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature from 2008 to 2023. We included articles that reported genders and/or sexes of participants 30 years of age and under and screened participants using AUDIT, AUDIT-C, or a structured interview using DSM-IV criteria. We limited the inclusion to studies that enrolled participants in alcohol treatment interventions and used a quantitative study design. We provide a narrative overview of the findings. Of 8,019 studies screened for inclusion, 86 articles were included in the review. None of the studies defined, measured, and reported both sex and gender variables accurately. Only 2 studies reported including trans participants. Most of the studies used gender or sex measures as a covariate to control for the effects of sex or gender on the intervention but did not discuss the rationale for or implications of this procedure.
Our findings identify that the majority of alcohol treatment intervention research with youth conflate sex and gender factors, including terminologically, conceptually, and methodologically. Based on these findings, we recommend future research in this area define and account for a spectrum of gender modalities, identities, and/or sex characteristics throughout the research life cycle, including during study design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. It is also imperative that sex and gender variables are used expansively to ensure that intersex and trans youth are meaningfully integrated.
Registration: PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42019119408.
虽然人们普遍认为性别因素对于干预措施的设计、实施和评估非常重要，但目前尚不清楚酒精治疗研究如何考虑性别特征和/或性别认同以及模式。本方法学系统评价记录并评估了在涉及青年的酒精治疗干预研究中，性别特征、性别认同和性别模式是如何被操作化的。
我们检索了 MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane 中央对照试验注册库、PsycINFO、CINAHL、LGBT Life、Google Scholar、Web of Science 和灰色文献，检索时间从 2008 年到 2023 年。我们纳入了报告年龄在 30 岁及以下的参与者性别和/或性别的文章，并使用 AUDIT、AUDIT-C 或使用 DSM-IV 标准的结构化访谈对参与者进行筛查。我们将纳入研究仅限于招募参与者参加酒精治疗干预措施并使用定量研究设计的研究。我们对研究结果进行了叙述性概述。在筛选的 8019 项研究中，有 86 项研究纳入了本综述。没有一项研究准确地定义、测量和报告了性别和性别变量。只有 2 项研究报告了纳入跨性别参与者。大多数研究使用性别或性别的措施作为协变量来控制性别或性别对干预的影响，但没有讨论这一程序的理由或意义。
我们的研究结果表明，大多数针对青年的酒精治疗干预研究混淆了性别和性别因素，包括术语、概念和方法上的混淆。基于这些发现，我们建议该领域的未来研究在整个研究生命周期中定义和考虑性别模式、认同和/或性别特征的范围，包括在研究设计、数据收集、数据分析和报告过程中。同样重要的是，要广泛使用性别变量，以确保双性人和跨性别青年得到有意义的融入。
PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42019119408。
