Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States of America.
Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 4;19(6):e0290858. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290858. eCollection 2024.
The tarnished plant bug, (TPB) Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of cotton in the midsouth region and some areas of the eastern United States. Its control methods have been solely based on chemical insecticides which has contributed to insecticidal resistance and shortened residual periods for control of this insect pest. This study was conducted over a two-year period and examined the efficacy and residual effect of four commercial insecticides including lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), acephate (organophosphate), imidacloprid (neonicotinoid), and sulfoxaflor (sulfoxamine). The effectiveness and residual effects of these insecticides were determined by application on cotton field plots on four different dates during each season using three different concentrations (high: highest labeled commercial dose (CD), medium: 1/10 of the CD, low: 1/100 of the CD) on field cotton plots. Four groups of cotton leaves were randomly pulled from each treated plot and control 0-, 2-, 4-, 7-, and 9-days post treatment (DPT) and exposed to a lab colony of TPB adults. One extra leaf sample/ plot/ spray /DPT interval (0-2-4-7-9-11) during 2016 was randomly collected from the high concentration plots and sent to Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory for residual analysis. Mortality of TPB adults was greatest for those placed on leaves sprayed with the organophosphate insecticide with mortalities (%) of 81.7±23.4 and 63.3±28.8 (SE) 1-day after exposure (DAE) on leaves 0-DPT with the high concentration for 2016 and 2017, respectively, reaching 94.5±9.5 and 95.4±7.6 6-DAE each year. Mortality to all insecticides continued until 9 and 4-DPT for high and medium concentrations, respectively. However, organophosphate (39.4±28.6) and pyrethroid (24.4±9.9) exhibited higher mortality than sulfoxamine (10.6±6.6) and the neonicotinoid (4.0±1.5) 7-DAE on 9-DPT leaves with the high concentration. Based on our results using the current assay procedure, TPB adults were significantly more susceptible to contact than systemic insecticides and due to its residual effect, organophosphate could kill over 80% of the TPB population 7-DPT.
玷污叶盲蝽（TPB），Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois（半翅目：盲蝽科）是美国中南部地区和东部一些地区棉花的主要害虫。其防治方法仅基于化学杀虫剂，这导致了昆虫的抗药性和控制这种虫害的残留期缩短。本研究为期两年，研究了四种商业杀虫剂的功效和残留效果，包括氯氟氰菊酯（拟除虫菊酯）、乙酰甲胺磷（有机磷）、噻虫啉（新烟碱类）和氟磺胺草醚（磺酰胺）。这些杀虫剂的效果和残留效果通过在每个季节的四个不同日期在棉田小区上应用三种不同浓度（高：最高标签商业剂量（CD），中：CD 的 1/10，低：CD 的 1/100）来确定。从每个处理小区中随机抽取四组棉叶，在处理后 0、2、4、7 和 9 天（DPT），暴露于玷污叶盲蝽成虫的实验室群体中。在 2016 年，从高浓度小区中随机额外收集了一个叶样本/小区/喷雾/DPT 间隔（0-2-4-7-9-11），并送到密西西比州化学实验室进行残留分析。置于用有机磷杀虫剂喷洒的叶片上的玷污叶盲蝽成虫的死亡率最高，暴露于叶片 0-DPT 的高浓度下，2016 年和 2017 年的死亡率分别为 81.7±23.4%和 63.3±28.8%（SE）1 天（DAE），达到 94.5±9.5%和 95.4±7.6%6-DAE 每年。所有杀虫剂的死亡率持续到高浓度的 9 和 4-DPT，中浓度分别为 4 和 3-DPT。然而，与氟磺胺草醚（10.6±6.6）和新烟碱类（4.0±1.5）相比，有机磷（39.4±28.6）和拟除虫菊酯（24.4±9.9）在高浓度下 7-DAE 时表现出更高的死亡率。根据我们使用当前测定程序的结果，玷污叶盲蝽成虫对接触性杀虫剂的敏感性明显高于系统性杀虫剂，由于其残留效果，有机磷可在 7-DPT 杀死超过 80%的玷污叶盲蝽种群。
