Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Jul 15;280:116543. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116543. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is one of the most widespread types of contamination that poses a serious threat to both public health and the environment. Among various physicochemical methods, bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to eliminate petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. The successful degradation of all hydrocarbon components and the achievement of optimal efficiency are necessary for the success of this process. Using potential microbial consortia with rich metabolic networks is a promising strategy for addressing these challenges. Mixed microbial communities, comprising both fungi and bacteria, exhibit diverse synergistic mechanisms to degrade complex hydrocarbon contaminants, including the dissemination of bacteria by fungal hyphae, enhancement of enzyme and secondary metabolites production, and co-metabolism of pollutants. Compared to pure cultures or consortia of either fungi or bacteria, different studies have shown increased bioremediation of particular contaminants when combined fungal-bacterial treatments are applied. However, antagonistic interactions, like microbial competition, and the production of inhibitors or toxins can observed between members. Furthermore, optimizing environmental factors (pH, temperature, moisture, and initial contaminant concentration) is essential for consortium performance. With the advancements in synthetic biology and gene editing tools, it is now feasible to design stable and robust artificial microbial consortia systems. This review presents an overview of using microbial communities for the removal of petroleum pollutants by focusing on microbial degradation pathways, and their interactions. It also highlights the new strategies for constructing optimal microbial consortia, as well as the challenges currently faced and future perspectives of applying fungal-bacterial communities for bioremediation.
如今，石油烃污染是最广泛的污染类型之一，对公众健康和环境构成严重威胁。在各种物理化学方法中，生物修复是一种环保且经济有效的消除石油烃污染物的方法。成功降解所有烃类成分并实现最佳效率是该过程成功的必要条件。利用具有丰富代谢网络的潜在微生物群落是应对这些挑战的有前途的策略。由真菌和细菌组成的混合微生物群落表现出多种协同机制来降解复杂的烃类污染物，包括真菌菌丝传播细菌、增强酶和次生代谢物的产生以及污染物的共代谢。与纯培养物或真菌或细菌的混合物相比，不同的研究表明，当应用真菌-细菌联合处理时，特定污染物的生物修复得到了增强。然而，成员之间会观察到拮抗相互作用，如微生物竞争和抑制剂或毒素的产生。此外，优化环境因素（pH、温度、湿度和初始污染物浓度）对于群落性能至关重要。随着合成生物学和基因编辑工具的进步，现在可以设计稳定和强大的人工微生物群落系统。本综述通过重点介绍微生物降解途径及其相互作用，概述了利用微生物群落去除石油污染物的方法。它还强调了构建最佳微生物群落的新策略，以及目前面临的挑战和未来应用真菌-细菌群落进行生物修复的展望。
