Giannecchini Giovanna Vieira, da Silva Jessé Lopes, de Oliveira Bretas Gustavo, Dos Santos Alexssandra Lima Siqueira, Baltar Lais Fernandes Rodrigues, de Melo Andreia Cristina
Oncoclínicas&Co - Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 May 21;11:1366603. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1366603. eCollection 2024.
By presenting a comprehensive analysis of low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), a subset of epithelial ovarian cancers, this review delves into their distinct molecular characteristics, clinicopathological features and systemic therapy options, emphasizing their differences from high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Notably, LGSCs exhibit prevalent RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway activation, KRAS and BRAF mutations, and infrequent p53 mutations. While chemotherapy is commonly employed, LGSCs display lower responsiveness compared to HGSCs. Hormone therapy, particularly endocrine maintenance therapy, is explored due to the higher estrogen receptor expression. Novel therapeutic approaches involving CDK4/6 inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and antiangiogenic agents like bevacizumab are also investigated. Ongoing clinical trials are striving to enhance LGSC treatment strategies, offering valuable insights for future therapeutic advancements in this challenging ovarian cancer subtype.
通过对低级别浆液性癌（LGSCs）进行全面分析，LGSCs是上皮性卵巢癌的一个子集，本综述深入探讨了它们独特的分子特征、临床病理特征和全身治疗方案，强调了它们与高级别浆液性癌（HGSCs）的差异。值得注意的是，LGSCs表现出普遍的RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK通路激活、KRAS和BRAF突变，以及罕见的p53突变。虽然化疗是常用的，但与HGSCs相比，LGSCs的反应性较低。由于雌激素受体表达较高，因此探索了激素治疗，特别是内分泌维持治疗。还研究了涉及CDK4/6抑制剂、MEK抑制剂和贝伐单抗等抗血管生成药物的新型治疗方法。正在进行的临床试验正在努力加强LGSC的治疗策略，为这种具有挑战性的卵巢癌亚型的未来治疗进展提供有价值的见解。
