State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
Theor Appl Genet. 2024 Jun 5;137(7):148. doi: 10.1007/s00122-024-04661-6.
Three stable QTL for grain zinc concentration were identified in wheat landrace Chinese Spring. Favorable alleles were more frequent in landraces than in modern wheat cultivars. Wheat is a major source of dietary energy for the growing world population. Developing cultivars with enriched zinc and iron can potentially alleviate human micronutrient deficiency. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 245 lines derived from cross Zhou 8425B/Chinese Spring was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain zinc concentration (GZnC) and grain iron concentration (GFeC) across four environments. Three stable QTL for GZnC with all favorable alleles from Chinese Spring were identified on chromosomes 3BL, 5AL, and 5BL. These QTL explaining maxima of 8.7%, 5.8%, and 7.1% of phenotypic variances were validated in 125 resequenced wheat accessions encompassing both landraces and modern cultivars using six kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) assays. The frequencies of favorable alleles for QGZnCzc.caas-3BL, QGZnCzc.caas-5AL and QGZnCzc.caas-5BL were higher in landraces (90.4%, 68.0%, and 100.0%, respectively) compared to modern cultivars (45.9%, 35.4%, and 40.9%), suggesting they were not selected in breeding programs. Candidate gene association studies on GZnC in the cultivar panel further delimited the QTL into 8.5 Mb, 4.1 Mb, and 47.8 Mb regions containing 46, 4, and 199 candidate genes, respectively. The 5BL QTL located in a region where recombination was suppressed. Two stable and three less stable QTL for GFeC with favorable alleles also from Chinese Spring were identified on chromosomes 4BS (Rht-B1a), 4DS (Rht-D1a), 1DS, 3AS, and 6DS. This study sheds light on the genetic basis of GZnC and GFeC in Chinese Spring and provides useful molecular markers for wheat biofortification.
三个稳定的籽粒锌浓度（GZnC）数量性状位点（QTL）被鉴定在中国春小麦地方品种中。有利等位基因在地方品种中比在现代小麦品种中更为常见。小麦是全球不断增长的人口的主要膳食能量来源。培育富含锌和铁的品种可以潜在地缓解人类微量营养素缺乏症。在这项研究中，使用来自周 8425B/中国春杂交的 245 个重组自交系（RIL）群体，在四个环境中检测了籽粒锌浓度（GZnC）和籽粒铁浓度（GFeC）的数量性状位点（QTL）。在 3BL、5AL 和 5BL 染色体上鉴定到三个与 GZnC 相关的稳定 QTL，所有有利等位基因均来自中国春。这三个 QTL 解释了表型方差的最大值分别为 8.7%、5.8%和 7.1%，并在包含地方品种和现代品种的 125 个重测序小麦品种中使用 6 个竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR（KASP）检测进行了验证。在地方品种中，QGZnCzc.caas-3BL、QGZnCzc.caas-5AL 和 QGZnCzc.caas-5BL 的有利等位基因频率分别为 90.4%、68.0%和 100.0%，而在现代品种中为 45.9%、35.4%和 40.9%，这表明它们在育种计划中没有被选择。在品种组中对 GZnC 的候选基因关联研究进一步将 QTL 限定在包含 46、4 和 199 个候选基因的 8.5 Mb、4.1 Mb 和 47.8 Mb 区域内。5BL QTL 位于重组受到抑制的区域。在染色体 4BS（Rht-B1a）、4DS（Rht-D1a）、1DS、3AS 和 6DS 上还鉴定到两个稳定和三个不太稳定的 GFeC QTL，有利等位基因也来自中国春。本研究揭示了中国春 GZnC 和 GFeC 的遗传基础，并为小麦生物强化提供了有用的分子标记。
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