Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2024 Jul;43(7):1627-1637. doi: 10.1002/etc.5897. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Shipping activities are increasing with sea ice receding in the Arctic, leading to higher risks of accidents and oil spills. Because Arctic toxicity data are limited, oil spill risk assessments for the Arctic are challenging to conduct. In the present study, we tested if acute oil toxicity metrics obtained at temperate conditions reflect those at Arctic conditions. The effects of temperature (4 °C, 12 °C, and 20 °C) on the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the critical body residue (CBR) of the temperate invertebrate Gammarus locusta exposed to water accommodated fractions of a fuel oil were determined. Both toxicity metrics decreased with increasing temperature. In addition, data for the temperate G. locusta were compared to data obtained for Arctic Gammarus species at 4 °C. The LC50 for the Arctic Gammarus sp. was a factor of 3 higher than that for the temperate G. locusta at 4 °C, but its CBR was similar, although both the exposure time and concentration were extended to reach lethality. Probably, this was a result of the larger size and higher weight and total lipid content of Arctic gammarids compared to the temperate gammarids. Taken together, the present data support the use of temperate acute oil toxicity data as a basis for assessing risks in the Arctic region, provided that the effects of temperature on oil fate and functional traits (e.g., body size and lipid content) of test species are considered. As such, using the CBR as a toxicity metric is beneficial because it is independent of functional traits, despite its temperature dependency. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report CBRs for oil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1627-1637. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
随着北极海冰消退，航运活动不断增加，导致事故和溢油风险增加。由于北极地区的毒性数据有限，因此进行北极地区的溢油风险评估具有挑战性。在本研究中，我们测试了在温带条件下获得的急性石油毒性指标是否反映了北极条件下的情况。在 4°C、12°C 和 20°C 温度下，测试了温带无脊椎动物钩虾暴露于燃料油水可容纳馏分后，半致死浓度 (LC50) 和临界体残留物 (CBR) 的变化。两种毒性指标均随温度升高而降低。此外，还将温带钩虾的数据与北极钩虾在 4°C 时获得的数据进行了比较。北极钩虾的 LC50 比 4°C 时的温带钩虾高 3 倍，但 CBR 相似，尽管暴露时间和浓度都延长以达到致死水平。可能是由于北极沟虾的体型较大，体重和总脂质含量较高，与温带沟虾相比。总的来说，这些数据支持将温带急性石油毒性数据用作评估北极地区风险的基础，前提是考虑温度对石油命运和测试物种功能特征（例如体型和脂质含量）的影响。因此，尽管 CBR 具有温度依赖性，但作为毒性指标，它是有益的，因为它独立于功能特征。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了石油的 CBR。环境毒理化学 2024；43:1627-1637。© 2024 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
