Neuman Vit, Plachy Lukas, Pruhova Stepanka, Sumnik Zdenek
Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.
Horm Res Paediatr. 2024 Jun 5:1-11. doi: 10.1159/000539575.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease closely linked to nutrition and modifications in various dietary components have been part of the effort to prevent or slow the progression of the disease even before the discovery of insulin.
The scientific focus in the prevention or progression modification of T1D is mostly centered on four dietary compounds and their modifications - gluten and its omission, vitamin D supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, and decreasing of the amount of ingested carbohydrates. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of nutritional interventions studied in children either as preventive methods or as modifiers in the early stages of T1D from autoantibody positive individuals to persons with newly diagnosed T1D.
Our review shows that dietary modifications in various dietary components might be useful but none of them seems to provide universal effects in T1D prevention or progression modification. More research is therefore needed with focus on promising modes of action of individual dietary components.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种与营养密切相关的疾病，甚至在胰岛素被发现之前，对各种饮食成分进行调整就已成为预防或减缓该疾病进展努力的一部分。
T1D预防或疾病进展调整方面的科学重点主要集中在四种饮食化合物及其调整——麸质及其去除、补充维生素D、补充ω-3脂肪酸以及减少碳水化合物摄入量。本叙述性综述的目的是概述在儿童中作为预防方法或作为从自身抗体阳性个体到新诊断T1D患者的T1D早期阶段的病情调整因素所研究的营养干预措施。
我们的综述表明，对各种饮食成分进行饮食调整可能有用，但似乎没有一种能在T1D预防或疾病进展调整方面产生普遍效果。因此，需要更多研究，重点关注个别饮食成分有前景的作用方式。
