University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
University of California, Merced, Department of Psychological Sciences, Merced, California, USA.
Sleep Health. 2024 Aug;10(4):508-514. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.04.003. Epub 2024 Jun 4.
Loneliness has been linked to an increased risk of sleep problems. Past research has largely relied on trait loneliness or daily recall loneliness when evaluating associations with sleep.
The present study extended this work by evaluating the patterns of loneliness throughout the day, including a daily average of all reports, a maximum value, and daily variation. These loneliness patterns predicted daily subjective and objective sleep measures to evaluate whether they provide unique insight to this relationship.
Undergraduate students (n = 71; 77% female; age 18-28) completed 2weeks of electronic surveys 4 times a day to assess loneliness. Each morning participants completed a diary of their prior night's sleep quality, as well as wore actigraphy devices to objectively assess sleep parameters. A total of 778 momentary surveys and 565days of actigraphy-assessed sleep data were collected. Multilevel models tested whether within-person daily aggregates of loneliness were associated with within-person daily sleep outcome variables.
Subjective sleep duration, quality, and fatigue were significantly predicted by daily average loneliness. Subjective sleep latency, quality, and fatigue were significantly predicted by daily max loneliness. Only fatigue was significantly predicted by daily loneliness variability. No objective sleep measures were significantly predicted by daily loneliness measures.
Patterns of daily loneliness focusing on central tendency (average) or intensity (max) were more consistently associated with subjective (but not objective) assessments of sleep than variability.
孤独感与睡眠问题的风险增加有关。过去的研究在评估与睡眠的关联时，主要依赖于特质孤独感或日常回忆孤独感。
本研究通过评估一天中孤独感的模式（包括所有报告的日平均、最大值和日变化）扩展了这项工作。这些孤独感模式预测了每日主观和客观的睡眠测量，以评估它们是否为这种关系提供了独特的见解。
本科生（n=71；77%为女性；年龄 18-28 岁）每天 4 次完成 2 周的电子调查，以评估孤独感。每天早上，参与者都要完成前一天晚上睡眠质量的日记，并佩戴活动记录仪来客观评估睡眠参数。共收集了 778 次瞬间调查和 565 天的活动记录仪评估睡眠数据。多层次模型检验了个体内每日孤独感的综合与个体内每日睡眠结果变量之间的关系。
主观睡眠持续时间、质量和疲劳显著受到日常平均孤独感的预测。主观睡眠潜伏期、质量和疲劳显著受到每日最大孤独感的预测。只有疲劳显著受到每日孤独感变异性的预测。没有客观的睡眠测量被日常孤独感测量显著预测。
每日孤独感模式侧重于集中趋势（平均值）或强度（最大值）与主观（但不是客观）睡眠评估比变异性更一致相关。
