Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Ann Behav Med. 2022 Nov 5;56(11):1089-1100. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaac015.
Black adults experience higher levels of stress and more dysfunctional sleep patterns compared to their White peers, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Dysfunctional sleep patterns are also more likely in emerging adults compared to other age groups. Daily stress-sleep relations in Black emerging adults are understudied.
This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wrist-worn actigraphy to examine bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep among Black emerging adults.
Black college freshmen (N = 50) completed an EMA protocol (i.e., five EMA prompts/day) and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The first EMA prompt of each day assessed sleep duration and quality. All EMA prompts assessed stress. Wrist-worn actigraphy assessed nocturnal sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and waking after sleep onset.
At the within-person level, stress experienced on a given day was not associated with any sleep metrics that night (p > .05). On evenings when actigraphy-based sleep duration was shorter (B = -0.02, p = .01) and self-reported sleep quality was poorer (B = -0.12, p = .02) than usual, stress was greater the following day. At the between-person level, negative bidirectional relations existed between stress and actigraphy-based waking after sleep onset (stress predicting sleep: B = -0.35, p = .02; sleep predicting stress: B = -0.27, p = .04).
Among Black emerging adults, associations between daily sleep and stress vary at the between- and within-person level and are dependent upon the sleep metric assessed. Future research should compare these relations across different measures of stress and different racial/ethnic groups to better understand health disparities.
与同龄人相比，黑人群体经历更高水平的压力和更紊乱的睡眠模式，这两者都可能导致慢性健康状况的种族差异。与其他年龄组相比，新兴的成年黑人更有可能出现睡眠紊乱。关于黑人新兴成年人的日常压力与睡眠之间的关系，研究还比较少。
本研究使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）和手腕佩戴活动记录仪来检验黑人新兴成年人中日常压力与睡眠之间的双向关联。
黑人大学新生（N=50）完成了 EMA 方案（即每天 5 次 EMA 提示）并佩戴活动记录仪 7 天。每天的第一个 EMA 提示评估了睡眠时长和质量。所有 EMA 提示都评估了压力。手腕佩戴的活动记录仪评估了夜间睡眠时长、入睡潜伏期、睡眠效率和睡眠后觉醒次数。
在个体内部水平上，当天经历的压力与当晚的任何睡眠指标都没有关联（p＞.05）。在手腕活动记录仪记录的睡眠时长较短（B=-0.02，p=.01）和自我报告的睡眠质量较差（B=-0.12，p=.02）的晚上，第二天的压力会更大。在个体间水平上，压力与基于活动记录仪的睡眠后觉醒之间存在负向双向关系（压力预测睡眠：B=-0.35，p=.02；睡眠预测压力：B=-0.27，p=.04）。
在黑人新兴成年人中，日常睡眠与压力之间的关联在个体内和个体间水平上有所不同，并且取决于评估的睡眠指标。未来的研究应该比较不同压力测量和不同种族/民族群体之间的这些关系，以更好地理解健康差异。
