School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jun;31(28):40958-40975. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33836-3. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Elevated metal(loid) concentrations in soil and foodstuffs is a significant global issue for many densely populated countries like Bangladesh, necessitating reliable estimation for sustainable management. Therefore, a comprehensive data synthesis from the published literature might help to provide a wholistic view of metal(loid) contamination in different areas in Bangladesh. This study provided a clearer view of metal(loid) contamination status and their associated ecological and health risks in different land use and ecosystems in Bangladesh. Comprehensive analyses were performed on data gathered from 143 published articles using multiple statistical techniques including meta-analysis. Considering the potential loading of metal(loid), the data were summarized under various groups, including coastal, rural, urban and industrial regions. Also, the concentrations of seven metal(loid)s, e.g., cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) in soil, sediment, cereal, vegetable, fruit, surface water and groundwater were included. Results showed that the relative concentrations of metal(loid)s in comparison to the maximum permissible limit (MPL) were mostly less than one, although they varied significantly for locations and individual metal(loid). However, the normalized cumulative relative concentrations over the MPL for all seven metal(loid)s across different environmental samples were 4.75, 2.97, 1.51 and 2.79 for coastal, industrial, rural and urban areas, respectively, which was due to the higher concentration of Cd, Cr and Cu. Similar to the metal(loid) concentrations, the average of cumulative median non-cancer risks for all metal(loid)s was in the order of industrial (6.46) > urban (4.05) > rural (3.83) > coastal (2.41). This research outcome will provide a foundation for future research on metal(loid)s and will help in pertinent policy-making by the relevant authorities in Bangladesh.
土壤和食物中金属（类）浓度升高是孟加拉国等人口密集的国家面临的一个重大全球性问题，因此需要进行可靠的评估以实现可持续管理。因此，对已发表文献进行综合数据汇总可能有助于全面了解孟加拉国不同地区的金属（类）污染情况。本研究更清晰地呈现了孟加拉国不同土地利用和生态系统中金属（类）污染状况及其相关的生态和健康风险。采用多种统计技术（包括荟萃分析）对从 143 篇已发表文章中收集的数据进行了综合分析。考虑到金属（类）的潜在负荷，将数据按沿海、农村、城市和工业区等不同组别进行了总结。此外，还包括了土壤、沉积物、谷物、蔬菜、水果、地表水和地下水等环境样本中七种金属（类）（如镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）和砷（As））的浓度。结果表明，尽管金属（类）的浓度在不同地点和个别金属（类）之间存在显著差异，但与最大允许限值（MPL）相比，其相对浓度大多小于 1。然而，在所有七个环境样本中，不同环境样本中七种金属（类）的归一化累积相对浓度超过 MPL 的值分别为 4.75、2.97、1.51 和 2.79，这是由于 Cd、Cr 和 Cu 的浓度较高。与金属（类）浓度类似，所有金属（类）的累积中值非致癌风险平均值的顺序为工业区（6.46）＞城区（4.05）＞农村区（3.83）＞沿海区（2.41）。本研究结果将为未来金属（类）研究提供基础，并有助于孟加拉国相关部门制定相关政策。
