Omar Marwa, Etewa Samia E, Mahmoud Samar A M, Farag Tahani I
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Gameyet Almohafza St. 1, Menya Al-Kamh, Zagazig, 44511 Sharqia Governorate Egypt.
J Parasit Dis. 2024 Jun;48(2):358-369. doi: 10.1007/s12639-024-01675-1. Epub 2024 May 9.
species are enteric apicomplexan parasites associated with diarrhoeal disease in humans and animals globally. Waterborne outbreaks resulting from contamination with the infective oocysts are common worldwide. Updated reports on waterborne protozoal infections are needed to identify emerging pathogens and susceptible populations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current profile of contamination of various water sources in Sharqia Governorate, Northeastern Egypt. For this purpose, eighty samples were collected from five different water types (canal, tap, tank, filtered, and groundwater), distributed in four major cities (El-Hessenia, Fakous, Zagazig, and Belbies) in Sharqia Governorate. All water samples were examined using conventional microscopy, ELISA, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Based on microscopic analysis, the protozoan was identified in 25% of the tested water samples. The RT-PCR assay has allowed for the quantification of oocysts in different types of water. Canal water exhibited the highest contamination levels (mean = 85.15 oocysts/L), followed by water tanks (mean = 12.031 oocysts/L). The study also provided a comparative evaluation of ELISA and RT-PCR for the diagnosis of infection. RT-PCR performed better than ELISA in terms of analytical accuracy (97.50% vs. 86.25%) and specificity (100% vs. 83.33%). However, ELISA showed a higher sensitivity (95.00% vs. 90.00%) for recovery. Our findings could serve as a platform for further investigations into the potential risks associated with water contamination in Sharqia Governorate.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01675-1.
[该]物种是肠道顶复门寄生虫，在全球范围内与人类和动物的腹泻病有关。由感染性卵囊污染导致的水源性疾病暴发在世界范围内很常见。需要更新的水源性原生动物感染报告来识别新出现的病原体和易感人群。因此，本研究旨在评估埃及东北部谢赫村省各种水源的污染现状。为此，从谢赫村省四个主要城市（埃尔-赫塞尼亚、法库斯、宰加济格和贝尔贝斯）的五种不同类型的水（运河水、自来水、水箱水、过滤水和地下水）中采集了80个样本。所有水样均采用传统显微镜检查、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术进行检测。基于显微镜分析，在25%的测试水样中鉴定出了该原生动物。RT-PCR检测能够对不同类型水中的卵囊进行定量。运河水的污染水平最高（平均=85.15个卵囊/升），其次是水箱水（平均=12.031个卵囊/升）。该研究还对ELISA和RT-PCR在感染诊断方面进行了比较评估。在分析准确性（97.50%对86.25%）和特异性（100%对83.33%）方面，RT-PCR比ELISA表现更好。然而，ELISA在回收率方面显示出更高的灵敏度（95.00%对90.00%）。我们的研究结果可为进一步调查谢赫村省水污染相关潜在风险提供一个平台。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12639-024-01675-1获取的补充材料。
