Subhashinee Dhanasekaran Akshaya, P L Muthalagappan, Prasanth ShriKrishna, A Ezhil Dharshini, Mohan Koushika, V Ananthanarayanan
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 May 6;16(5):e59711. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59711. eCollection 2024 May.
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed as a preventive measure, particularly post-tooth extraction, aiming to minimize the risk of infection. Preemptive analgesia functions by disrupting the nervous system's ability to encode pain stimuli, thus preventing the formation of pain memory. Dentists often recommend analgesics and antibiotics either as adjuncts or sole treatments for various dental conditions, offering both efficacy and cost-effectiveness. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, and Lilac, using MeSH terms relevant to the role of antibiotics and analgesics in systemically ill patients undergoing tooth extraction. Out of 178 articles screened, 83 underwent full-text assessment for eligibility, and six were selected for qualitative analysis. The review process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, ensuring methodological rigor and transparent reporting. Across diverse study populations, the role of antibiotics and analgesics consistently demonstrated a statistically significant impact. Hence, the utilization of analgesics and antibiotics plays a pivotal role in preventing infection following tooth extraction in systemically ill patients, thereby promoting optimal oral hygiene and overall health.
抗生素通常作为一种预防措施被开具，尤其是在拔牙后，旨在将感染风险降至最低。超前镇痛通过破坏神经系统对疼痛刺激进行编码的能力起作用，从而防止疼痛记忆的形成。牙医经常推荐镇痛药和抗生素作为各种牙科疾病的辅助治疗或唯一治疗方法，兼具疗效和成本效益。使用与抗生素和镇痛药在接受拔牙的全身疾病患者中的作用相关的医学主题词（MeSH），在包括PubMed、Cochrane对照试验中央注册库（CENTRAL）、Science Direct和Lilac在内的多个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索。在筛选的178篇文章中，83篇接受了全文资格评估，6篇被选作定性分析。综述过程遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，确保方法的严谨性和报告的透明度。在不同的研究人群中，抗生素和镇痛药的作用始终显示出统计学上的显著影响。因此，镇痛药和抗生素的使用在预防全身疾病患者拔牙后感染方面起着关键作用，从而促进最佳的口腔卫生和整体健康。
