From the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (Y.C., D.V.D., R.N., J.E.H.); California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (R.N.); CREAGEN-Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy (M.V.); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA (M.V.); Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (W.K.); Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (M.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (N.F.); and College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (J.E.H.).
J Occup Environ Med. 2024 Sep 1;66(9):714-721. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003160. Epub 2024 Jun 6.
The study investigated maternal exposure to heavy metals from industrial sources during pregnancy as potential risk factors for childhood cancer.
Cases ages 0-19 were identified from California Cancer Registry. Controls (20:1 ratio) were randomly selected from California Birth Registry, frequency-matched by birth year (1998-2016). We estimated maternal exposure to lead, nickel, and cobalt in ambient air from the Toxics Release Inventory. We examined "ever/never" and "high/low" exposures categorized by median exposure. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, method of payment for prenatal care, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and urban/rural residence.
Among highly exposed persons, lead was associated with an increased teratoma risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 2.37), whereas nickel was associated with an increased rhabdomyosarcoma risk (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.04). Cobalt was associated with an increased glioma risk (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.65) among ever-exposed persons. Inverse associations were found between Wilms tumor and nickel among the ever exposed and highly exposed (ever: aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96; high: aOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.93).
Findings suggest that air pollution from heavy metals released by industrial sources may elevate childhood cancer risk.
本研究调查了孕妇在怀孕期间接触工业来源重金属的情况，认为这是儿童癌症的潜在危险因素。
从加利福尼亚癌症登记处确定了年龄在 0 至 19 岁的病例。从加利福尼亚出生登记处随机选择对照（20:1 比例），按出生年份（1998-2016 年）进行频率匹配。我们从有毒物质释放清单中估计了母亲在环境空气中接触铅、镍和钴的情况。我们检查了按中位数暴露分类的“曾经/从未”和“高/低”暴露。模型调整了母亲的年龄、种族/民族、产前护理支付方式、邻里社会经济地位和城乡居住情况。
在高度暴露的人群中，铅与畸胎瘤风险增加有关（调整后的优势比[aOR]：1.52；95%置信区间[CI]：0.97，2.37），而镍与横纹肌肉瘤风险增加有关（aOR：1.45；95% CI：1.03，2.04）。在曾经暴露的人群中，钴与胶质瘤风险增加有关（aOR：2.25；95% CI：1.39，3.65）。在曾经暴露和高度暴露的人群中，镍与肾母细胞瘤呈负相关（曾经：aOR：0.75；95% CI：0.59，0.96；高度：aOR：0.64；95% CI：0.45，0.93）。
研究结果表明，工业来源重金属释放的空气污染可能会增加儿童癌症的风险。
