探讨翠柏双黄酮的细胞毒性潜力:通过 LC-HRMS 代谢组学和数据库挖掘、靶向分离、网络药理学、体外细胞毒性和对接研究进行精确鉴定。

Exploring the cytotoxic potential of biflavones of Araucaria cunninghamii: Precise identification combined by LC-HRMS-metabolomics and database mining, targeted isolation, network pharmacology, in vitro cytotoxicity, and docking studies.

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Varanasi, India.

Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

出版信息

Chem Biol Drug Des. 2024 Jun;103(6):e14564. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14564.

Abstract

The leaves of Araucaria cunninghamii are known to be nonedible and toxic. Previous studies have identified biflavones in various Araucaria species. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds from Araucaria cunninghamii after metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Methanol extract of Araucaria cunninghamii leaves was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. The active fraction was analyzed using LC-HRMS, through strategic database mining, by comparing the data to the Dictionary of Natural Products to identify 12 biflavones, along with abietic acid, beta-sitosterol, and phthalate. Eight compounds were screened for network pharmacology study, where in silico ADME analysis, prediction of gene targets, compound-gene-pathway network and hierarchical network analysis, protein-protein interaction, KEGG pathway, and Gene Ontology analyses were done, that showed PI3KR1, EGFR, GSK3B, and ABCB1 as the common targets for all the compounds that may act in the gastric cancer pathway. Simultaneously, four biflavones were isolated via chromatography and identified through NMR as dimeric apigenin with varying methoxy substitutions. Cytotoxicity study against the AGS cell line for gastric cancer showed that AC1 biflavone (IC 90.58 μM) exhibits the highest cytotoxicity and monomeric apigenin (IC 174.5 μM) the lowest. Besides, the biflavones were docked to the previously identified targets to analyze their binding affinities, and all the ligands were found to bind with energy ≤-7 Kcal/mol.

摘要

南洋杉叶子已知不可食用且有毒。先前的研究已经在各种南洋杉物种中鉴定出双黄酮。本研究旨在通过代谢组学和网络药理学分析,研究从南洋杉叶片中分离的化合物的体外细胞毒性。南洋杉叶片甲醇提取物经生物活性导向分离。采用 LC-HRMS 对活性部分进行分析,通过策略性数据库挖掘,将数据与天然产物词典进行比较,鉴定出 12 种双黄酮,以及松香酸、β-谷甾醇和邻苯二甲酸酯。对 8 种化合物进行网络药理学研究,进行计算机辅助药物代谢分析、基因靶点预测、化合物-基因-通路网络和层次网络分析、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、KEGG 通路和基因本体论分析,结果表明 PI3KR1、EGFR、GSK3B 和 ABCB1 是所有化合物的共同靶点,这些化合物可能作用于胃癌通路。同时,通过色谱法分离出四种双黄酮,并通过 NMR 鉴定为具有不同甲氧基取代的二聚芹菜素。对胃癌 AGS 细胞系的细胞毒性研究表明,AC1 双黄酮(IC 90.58 μM)的细胞毒性最高,单体芹菜素(IC 174.5 μM)的细胞毒性最低。此外,将双黄酮与先前鉴定的靶标对接,分析它们的结合亲和力,发现所有配体的结合能均低于-7 Kcal/mol。

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