Hydropneumothorax in a non-small cell lung cancer patient after lobectomy due to surgical stump air leak.

Hydropneumothorax following lobectomy or pneumonectomy is relatively uncommon, with an incidence of 1%-5%. It involves air and fluid in the pleural cavity, often due to intraoperative injury, infection, bronchopleural fistula, or mechanical ventilation. Careful management, including drainage and addressing the underlying cause, is essential to prevent serious outcomes.