Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 7;14(1):13112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62794-6.
Music provides a reward that can enhance learning and motivation in humans. While music is often combined with exercise to improve performance and upregulate mood, the relationship between music-induced reward and motor output is poorly understood. Here, we study music reward and motor output at the same time by capitalizing on music playing. Specifically, we investigate the effects of music improvisation and live accompaniment on motor, autonomic, and affective responses. Thirty adults performed a drumming task while (i) improvising or maintaining the beat and (ii) with live or recorded accompaniment. Motor response was characterized by acceleration of hand movements (accelerometry), wrist flexor and extensor muscle activation (electromyography), and the drum strike count (i.e., the number of drum strikes played). Autonomic arousal was measured by tonic response of electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate (HR). Affective responses were measured by a 12-item Likert scale. The combination of improvisation and live accompaniment, as compared to all other conditions, significantly increased acceleration of hand movements and muscle activation, as well as participant reports of reward during music playing. Improvisation, regardless of type of accompaniment, increased the drum strike count and autonomic arousal (including tonic EDA responses and several measures of HR), as well as participant reports of challenge. Importantly, increased motor response was associated with increased reward ratings during music improvisation, but not while participants were maintaining the beat. The increased motor responses achieved with improvisation and live accompaniment have important implications for enhancing dose of movement during exercise and physical rehabilitation.
音乐提供了一种奖励，可以增强人类的学习和动力。虽然音乐通常与运动相结合，以提高表现和调节情绪，但音乐引起的奖励与运动输出之间的关系还知之甚少。在这里，我们通过演奏音乐来同时研究音乐奖励和运动输出。具体来说，我们研究了即兴创作和现场伴奏对运动、自主和情感反应的影响。三十名成年人在（i）即兴演奏或保持节奏和（ii）有现场或录制伴奏的情况下进行击鼓任务。运动反应的特点是手部运动的加速度（加速计）、手腕屈肌和伸肌的肌肉激活（肌电图）以及鼓击数（即演奏的鼓击数）。自主唤醒通过皮肤电活动（EDA）和心率（HR）的紧张反应来测量。情感反应通过 12 项李克特量表进行测量。与所有其他条件相比，即兴创作和现场伴奏的组合显著增加了手部运动的加速度和肌肉激活，以及参与者在演奏音乐时的奖励感。即兴创作，无论伴奏类型如何，都增加了鼓击数和自主唤醒（包括紧张的 EDA 反应和 HR 的几个测量值）以及参与者对挑战的报告。重要的是，在音乐即兴创作过程中，运动反应的增加与奖励评分的增加相关，但在参与者保持节奏时则没有。即兴创作和现场伴奏所带来的运动反应的增加，对增强运动过程中的运动剂量和身体康复具有重要意义。
