Homa Jan, Konończuk Kosma, Frankowski Robert, Zgoła-Grześkowiak Agnieszka, Ławniczak Łukasz, Chrzanowski Łukasz, Stachowiak Witold, Niemczak Michał
Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland.
Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland.
Environ Technol. 2025 Jan;46(3):387-400. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2357696. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
In the framework of this study, six fungal isolates which demonstrated a high capability for biodegrading iodosulphuron-methyl sodium as well as herbicidal ionic liquids based on this herbicide were isolated from different soil samples. The isolates were identified based on the ITS region, whereas biodegradation residues were determined based on LC-MS/MS. Depending on the isolate, the half-lives values of the biodegraded herbicide or herbicidal ionic liquid ranged significantly from just 1.25 days to more than 40 days. The research findings unveiled that the structure of cations is a central limiting factor affecting fungal growth and herbicide transformation in case of ionic liquids. The length of the alkyl chain has been identified as the primary driver of herbicide toxicity, emphasizing the importance of structural factors in herbicide design. In cases when dodecyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl cation was used, its biodegradation ranged from 0 to approx. 20% and the biodegradability of the iodosulfuron-methyl was notably limited for the majority of the studied isolates. This knowledge provides guidance for development and selection of herbicides with reduced environmental impact. This study highlights the ecological importance of soil fungi, their potential role in herbicide biodegradation, the influence of cations on fungal growth and herbicide transformation, and the structural factors governing herbicide toxicity. Further research in these areas may lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly approaches to herbicide management.
在本研究框架内，从不同土壤样品中分离出六种真菌菌株，这些菌株对甲基碘磺隆钠盐以及基于该除草剂的除草离子液体具有很高的生物降解能力。基于ITS区域对分离菌株进行鉴定，而生物降解残留物则通过LC-MS/MS测定。根据分离菌株的不同，生物降解除草剂或除草离子液体的半衰期值差异很大，从仅1.25天到超过40天不等。研究结果表明，在离子液体的情况下，阳离子结构是影响真菌生长和除草剂转化的核心限制因素。烷基链的长度已被确定为除草剂毒性的主要驱动因素，强调了结构因素在除草剂设计中的重要性。当使用十二烷基（2-羟乙基）二甲基阳离子时，其生物降解率在0至约20%之间，并且对于大多数研究的分离菌株而言，甲基碘磺隆的生物降解性明显受限。这些知识为开发和选择对环境影响较小的除草剂提供了指导。本研究突出了土壤真菌的生态重要性、它们在除草剂生物降解中的潜在作用、阳离子对真菌生长和除草剂转化的影响以及控制除草剂毒性的结构因素。在这些领域的进一步研究可能会带来更高效、更环保的除草剂管理方法。
