Research Institute for Medical and Health sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Research Institute for Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Egypt.
Microbiol Res. 2024 Sep;286:127797. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127797. Epub 2024 Jun 4.
Candida auris has drawn global attention due to its alarming multidrug resistance and the emergence of pan resistant strains. C. auris poses a significant risk in nosocomial candidemia especially among immunocompromised patients. C. auris showed unique virulence characteristics associated with cell wall including cell polymorphism, adaptation, endurance on inanimate surfaces, tolerance to external conditions, and immune evasion. Notably, it possesses a distinctive cell wall composition, with an outer mannan layer shielding the inner 1,3-β glucan from immune recognition, thereby enabling immune evasion and drug resistance. This review aimed to comprehend the association between unique characteristics of C. auris's cell wall and virulence, resistance mechanisms, and immune evasion. This is particularly relevant since the fungal cell wall has no human homology, providing a potential therapeutic target. Understanding the complex interactions between the cell wall and the host immune system is essential for devising effective treatment strategies, such as the use of repurposed medications, novel therapeutic agents, and immunotherapy like monoclonal antibodies. This therapeutic targeting strategy of C. auris holds promise for effective eradication of this resilient pathogen.
由于耳念珠菌令人震惊的多药耐药性和泛耐药株的出现，引起了全球关注。耳念珠菌在医院获得性念珠菌血症中风险很大，特别是在免疫功能低下的患者中。耳念珠菌具有独特的毒力特征，与细胞壁有关，包括细胞多态性、适应能力、在无生命表面的耐力、对外界条件的耐受性和免疫逃避。值得注意的是，它具有独特的细胞壁组成，外层甘露聚糖层将内层 1,3-β 葡聚糖屏蔽在免疫识别之外，从而实现免疫逃避和耐药性。本综述旨在了解耳念珠菌细胞壁的独特特征与其毒力、耐药机制和免疫逃避之间的关联。由于真菌细胞壁与人类没有同源性，这为治疗提供了潜在的靶点，因此这一点尤其重要。了解细胞壁与宿主免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用对于制定有效的治疗策略至关重要，例如重新利用药物、新型治疗剂和免疫疗法（如单克隆抗体）。这种针对耳念珠菌的治疗靶向策略有望有效根除这种具有弹性的病原体。
